It can be difficult to tell whether ADHD medication is working, as the signs may be subtle. However, improvements in focus, emotional stability, and energy levels can indicate that medications are effective.
It may not always be clear when attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) medications are working. Some types of ADHD medication work faster than others, and initial symptom improvement may not be noticeable.
In this article, we assess how a person can tell if ADHD medications are working and discuss their potential side effects.
When a few symptoms improve, this is a good indication that ADHD medication is working. To tell whether a medication is effective, it is important to understand what it is
- help a person focus
- balance emotions
- make daily energy levels more even
- reduce impulsive behaviors
It is unlikely that all symptoms will disappear completely, but most ADHD medications can help to make physical and mental symptoms more manageable.
Medication may be working if a person is:
- feeling less anxious
- consciously controlling impulsive behaviors
- noticing fewer changes in mood
When medication is working, some symptoms may remain, while others become easier to handle.
Practical terms
In practical terms, the following are signs that medication for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is effective. A person may notice themselves:
- finishing small or “boring” tasks
- waking up and leaving the house on time more regularly
- easily recalling details from conversations
- remembering details from meetings or work emails
- recalling things learned in class that day
- finishing small assigned tasks at work
- cleaning up after themselves
- going to bed on time
- finishing homework assignments
- avoiding distractions like social media or television while working
Medications to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) fall into two categories: stimulant medications and nonstimulant medications.
Stimulants
Stimulants are the first-line treatment for children, adolescents, and adults. These medications act on norepinephrine and dopamine, two brain chemicals that play a role in the condition. Stimulant medications may start working within hours of a person taking them.
Nonstimulants
Nonstimulant ADHD medications are slower-acting than stimulants, and people may only notice symptom improvement after 4 to 8 weeks. They are not a first-line medication for the condition.
Nonstimulant medications affect levels of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine in the brain. Medications include Strattera, Qelbree, and Intuniv.
Most ADHD medications have side effects, and these can show that the drug is having an effect on the body.
Side effects of ADHD medications can impact each individual differently. If they become difficult or impossible to manage, a doctor should adjust the medication.
Side effects of stimulant drugs
Side effects for stimulant-type drugs often include:
- increased heart rate or blood pressure
- decreased appetite
- trouble falling or staying asleep
- irritability, as the medicine wears off
- nausea or vomiting
- headaches
- changes in mood
These should be manageable for most people, and they may fade after a few weeks of taking the medication.
Side effects of nonstimulant drugs
Nonstimulant drugs for ADHD can also cause
Side effects may include:
- dizziness
- decreased appetite
- upset stomach, nausea, and vomiting
- fatigue and drowsiness
- insomnia
- constipation
- dry mouth or throat
- persistent cough
- itching or skin issues
Sexual side effects can also occur. A person may experience a loss of interest in sex or trouble having an orgasm.
While side effects show that the drug is having an effect on the body, they do not always indicate that the medicine is working.
Anyone who experiences side effects without noticing a change in their symptoms may need to see a doctor, who can alter their dosage or switch their medication.
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The following are some common signs that ADHD medication should be adjusted:
- irritability or increased hyperactivity when the medication is in a child’s system
- consistent weight loss or problems with appetite
- symptoms that respond well to medication during work or school hours, but seem to get worse at home in the evening
- reduced ADHD symptoms coupled with changes in personality or the ability to feel emotions
Signs that medication should be changed vary. The dosage may be too high or low, or an individual may need a different type of medication.
Always consult a medical professional to discuss symptoms and potential therapy changes before discontinuing or changing treatment adherence.
ADHD can affect people differently, and the same is true for ADHD medication. Doctors often have to fine-tune dosages, and some people may notice side effects more than an improvement in symptoms.
Anyone feeling unsatisfied with the results of their medication or experiencing side effects with no reduction in symptoms should see a doctor to discuss other options.
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