and
Translingual
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Clipping of English Ansus with d as a placeholder.
Symbol
[edit]and
See also
[edit]English
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- (stressed form)
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ˈænd/, [ˈænd] ~ [and]
- (Standard Southern British) IPA(key): /ˈand/, [and]
- (Northern England, Scotland, Wales) IPA(key): /ˈand/, [and] ~ [änd]
- (General American, Canada) IPA(key): /ˈænd/
- (Australia) IPA(key): /ˈæːnd/
- (New Zealand) IPA(key): /ˈɛnd/, [ɛnd]
- (unstressed form) IPA(key): /ˈənd/, [ˈənd]; [n̩d]; [n̩ʔ]
- Rhymes: -ænd
- Hyphenation: and
- Homophones: an (unstressed), ant (in some accents), end (in some accents), in (unstressed)
Etymology 1
[edit]Inherited from Middle English and, an, from Old English and, ond, end, from Proto-West Germanic *andi, from Proto-Germanic *andi, *anþi, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂énti (“facing opposite, near, in front of, before”). Cognate with Scots an (“and”), North Frisian än (“and”), Saterland Frisian un (“and”), West Frisian en (“and”), Dutch en, ende (“and”), German und (“and”), German Low German on, un (“and”), Luxembourgish an (“and”), Vilamovian an, ana (“and”), Yiddish און (un), אונ (un), אונד (und), אונ׳ (un', “and”), Danish end (“still; ever; even”), Faroese enn (“still, yet”), Icelandic en (“and”), enn (“still, yet”), Norwegian Bokmål enn (“and”), Norwegian Nynorsk en, enn (“and”), Swedish än (“still, yet”), Albanian edhe (“and”) (dialectal ênde, ênne), ende (“still, yet, therefore”), Latin ante (“opposite, in front of”), Ancient Greek ἀντί (antí, “opposite, facing”). Doublet of an ("if").
Alternative forms
[edit]Conjunction
[edit]and
- As a coordinating conjunction; expressing two elements to be taken together or in addition to each other.
- Used simply to connect two noun phrases, adjectives or adverbs. [from 8th c.] quotations ▼
- Simply connecting two clauses or sentences. [from 8th c.] quotations ▼
- Introducing a clause or sentence which follows on in time or consequence from the first. [from 9th c.]
quotations ▼
- I'd been walking since sunrise, and I was hungry.
- (obsolete) Yet; but. [10th–17th c.] quotations ▼
- Used to connect certain numbers: connecting units when they precede tens (now dated); connecting shillings to pence in a monetary quantity (now historical); connecting tens and units to hundreds, thousands etc. (now often omitted in US); to connect fractions to wholes. [from 10th c.] quotations ▼
- (now colloquial or literary) Used to connect more than two elements together in a chain, sometimes to stress the number of elements. quotations ▼
- Connecting two identical elements, with implications of continued or infinite repetition. [from 10th c.] quotations ▼
- Introducing a parenthetical or explanatory clause. [from 10th c.] quotations ▼
- Introducing the continuation of narration from a previous understood point; also used alone as a question: ‘and so what?’. quotations ▼
- (now dialectal or somewhat colloquial) Used to connect two verbs where the second is dependent on the first: ‘to’. Used especially after come, go and try. [from 14th c.] quotations ▼
- Introducing a qualitative difference between things having the same name; "as well as other". [from 16th c.] quotations ▼
- Used to combine numbers in addition; plus (with singular or plural verb). [from 17th c.]
quotations ▼
- Two and two is/are four.
- (heading) Expressing a condition.
- (now US dialect) If; provided that. [from 13th c.] quotations ▼
- (obsolete) As if, as though. [15th–17th c.] quotations ▼
- (mathematics, logic) Connecting two well-formed formulas to create a new well-formed formula that requires it to only be true when both of the two formulas are true.
Usage notes
[edit]Synonyms
[edit]- (used to connect two similar words or phrases): as well as, together with, in addition to
- (informal): &, 'n', +
- (in artist collaborations): x
Derived terms
[edit]- and all
- AND gate
- and of course
- and then everyone clapped
- Antigua and Barbuda
- Bosnia and Herzegovina
- fish and chips
- French Southern and Antarctic Lands
- piece and crisps
- Rhode Island and Providence Plantations
- rock and roll
- Saint Kitts and Nevis
- Saint Pierre and Miquelon
- Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
- São Tomé and Príncipe
- South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
- Trinidad and Tobago
- Turks and Caicos Islands
- Wallis and Futuna
Translations
[edit]See also
[edit]See also
[edit]Noun
[edit]and (plural ands)
- (music, often informal) In rhythm, the second half of a divided beat. coordinate terms ▲quotations ▼
Etymology 2
[edit]Inherited from Middle English ande, from Old English anda (“grudge, enmity, malice, envy, hatred, anger, zeal, annoyance, vexation; zeal; injury, mischief; fear, horror”) and Old Norse andi (“breath, wind, spirit”); both from Proto-Germanic *anadô (“breath, anger, zeal”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂enh₁- (“to breathe, blow”).
Cognate with German Ahnd, And (“woe, grief”), Danish ånde (“breath”), Swedish anda, ande (“spirit, breath, wind, ingenuity, intellect”), Icelandic andi (“spirit”), Albanian ëndë (“pleasure, delight”), Latin animus (“spirit, soul”). Related to onde.
Alternative forms
[edit]Noun
[edit]and (plural ands)
Etymology 3
[edit]Inherited from Middle English anden, from Old English andian (“to be envious or jealous, envy”) and Old Norse anda (“to breathe”); both from Proto-Germanic *anadōną (“to breathe, sputter”). Cognate with German ahnden (“to avenge, punish”), Danish ånde (“to breathe”), Swedish andas (“to breathe”), Icelandic anda (“to breathe”). See above.
Alternative forms
[edit]Verb
[edit]and (third-person singular simple present ands, present participle anding, simple past and past participle anded)
Anagrams
[edit]Azerbaijani
[edit]| Cyrillic | анд | |
|---|---|---|
| Arabic | آند | |
Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Turkic *ānt (“oath”).[1] Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰦 (n͡t), Turkish ant.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]and (definite accusative andı, plural andlar)
Declension
[edit]| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | and | andlar |
| definite accusative | andı | andları |
| dative | anda | andlara |
| locative | andda | andlarda |
| ablative | anddan | andlardan |
| definite genitive | andın | andların |
Derived terms
[edit]- and içmək (“to take an oath”)
References
[edit]- Orucov, Əliheydər, editor (2006), “and”, in Azərbaycan dilinin izahlı lüğəti [Explanatory Dictionary of the Azerbaijani Language][3] (in Azerbaijani), 2nd edition, volume 1, Baku: Şərq-Qərb, page 117
- Altun Kitab (2013–), “and”, in Azleks
- ^ Starostin, Sergei; Dybo, Anna; Mudrak, Oleg (2003), “*Ānt”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)[1], Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
Danish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Old Norse ǫnd, from Proto-Germanic *anadz, cognate with German Ente, Dutch eend. The Germanic noun derives from Proto-Indo-European *h₂énh₂ts (“duck”), which is also the source of Latin anas, Ancient Greek νῆττα (nêtta), Lithuanian ántis, Sanskrit आति (ātí).
The sense of "false story" is a semantic loan from French canard.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]and c (singular definite anden, plural indefinite ænder)
Declension
[edit]| common gender |
singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
| nominative | and | anden | ænder | ænderne |
| genitive | ands | andens | ænders | ændernes |
Related terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “and” in Den Danske Ordbog
Estonian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Finnic *anti, from the root of andma. Cognate with Finnish anti.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]and (genitive anni, partitive andi)
Declension
[edit]Fingallian
[edit]Conjunction
[edit]and
Gothic
[edit]Romanization
[edit]and
- romanization of 𐌰𐌽𐌳
Livonian
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Proto-Finnic *anti.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]and
Declension
[edit]| singular (ikšlu’g) | plural (pǟgiņlu’g) | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative (nominatīv) | and | āndõd |
| genitive (genitīv) | and | āndõd |
| partitive (partitīv) | andõ | āndidi |
| dative (datīv) | andõn | āndõdõn |
| instrumental (instrumentāl) | andkõks | āndõdõks |
| illative (illatīv) | andõ | āndiž |
| inessive (inesīv) | andsõ | āndis |
| elative (elatīv) | andstõ | āndist |
References
[edit]- Tiit-Rein Viitso; Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), “and”, in Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz [Livonian-Estonian-Latvian Dictionary][4] (in Estonian and Latvian), Tartu, Rīga: Tartu Ülikool, Latviešu valodas aģentūra
Etymology 2
[edit]Verb
[edit]and
References
[edit]- Andreas Johan Sjögren, Ferdinand Johann Wiedemann (1861), Livisch-deutsches und deutsch-livisches Wörterbuch
- Pajusalu, Karl & Winkler, Eberhard, Salis-livisches Wörterbuch (2009). Eesti Teaduste Akadeemia. Tallinn.
Middle English
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Old English and, ond, end, from Proto-West Germanic *andi, from Proto-Germanic *andi, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂énti.
Alternative forms
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Conjunction
[edit]and
- and, and then (connects two elements of a sentence) quotations ▼
- however, yet, but, though. while
- if, supposing that, whether.
- (rare) As though, like, in a manner suggesting.
Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- “and, conj. (& adv.).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 14 January 2019.
Etymology 2
[edit]Noun
[edit]and
- (Northern) alternative form of onde (“breath”)
Norwegian Bokmål
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Old Norse ǫnd, from Proto-Germanic *anadz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂énh₂ts (“duck”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]and f or m (definite singular anda or anden, indefinite plural ender, definite plural endene)
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- “and” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
Norwegian Nynorsk
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Old Norse ǫnd, from Proto-Germanic *anadz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂énh₂ts (“duck”).
Alternative forms
[edit]Noun
[edit]and f (definite singular anda, indefinite plural ender, definite plural endene)
- a duck (waterbird)
Declension
[edit]| feminine | singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
| nominative-accusative | and | anda | ender1 | endene1 |
| compound-genitive | ande- | ― | ande- | ― |
1Plural with tonem 1, stemming from older one-syllable forms.
| feminine | singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
| nominative-accusative | and | andi | ender1 | enderna1 |
| dative | ― | (andenne) | ― | andom, ondom |
| compound-genitive | andar- | ― | ande- | ― |
1Plural with tonem 1, stemming from older one-syllable forms.
Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Noun
[edit]and f (definite singular anda, indefinite plural ander, definite plural andene)
Etymology 3
[edit]Verb
[edit]and
- imperative of ande
References
[edit]- “and” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Anagrams
[edit]Old English
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- ond, end
- ᚪᚾᛞ (and), ᛖᚾᛞ (end) — Franks Casket
Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Germanic *anda, *andi, probably from Proto-Indo-European *h₂énti (“facing opposite, near, in front of, before”). Compare Old Frisian and, Old Saxon endi, Old High German unti, Old Norse enn.
Pronunciation
[edit]Conjunction
[edit]and
Synonyms
[edit]- ⁊ (symbol)
Descendants
[edit]Adverb
[edit]and
Old Frisian
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Germanic *andi, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂énti (“facing opposite, near, in front of, before”). Compare Old English and, Old Saxon endi, Old High German unti, Old Norse enn.
Conjunction
[edit]and
Descendants
[edit]Old Irish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Celtic *andom, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁n̥dó. The adverbial sense of this term is the original one, and it has an etymology independent of i.
Pronunciation
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]and
Adverb
[edit]and
Descendants
[edit]Polish
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- ampt (Eastern Greater Poland, Kłodawa)
Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- (Greater Poland):
- (Eastern Greater Poland) IPA(key): [ˈant]
Noun
[edit]and m inan
- (Eastern Greater Poland, Kłodawa, historical) starost's manor house
- Byłem na andzie. ― I was at the starost's manor house.
Further reading
[edit]- Hieronim Łopaciński (1892), “and”, in “Przyczynki do nowego słownika języka polskiego (słownik wyrazów ludowych z Lubelskiego i innych okolic Królestwa Polskiego)”, in Prace Filologiczne (in Polish), volume 5, Warsaw: skł. gł. w Księgarni E. Wende i Ska, page 692
Scots
[edit]Conjunction
[edit]and
- alternative form of an
Usage notes
[edit]- While and is relatively often written due to English influence, it is seldom pronounced as such, making way for an. [1]
References
[edit]Swedish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Old Norse ǫnd, from Proto-Germanic *anadz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂énh₂ts (“duck”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]and c
- a wild duck
- mata änderna i parken
- feed the ducks in the park
Declension
[edit]| nominative | genitive | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | indefinite | and | ands |
| definite | anden | andens | |
| plural | indefinite | änder | änders |
| definite | änderna | ändernas |
Related terms
[edit]See also
[edit]- anka (domesticated duck)
References
[edit]- “and”, in Svensk ordbok [Dictionary of Swedish] (in Swedish)
- “and”, in Svenska Akademiens ordlista [Wordlist of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish)
- “and”, in Svenska Akademiens ordbok [Dictionary of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish)
Anagrams
[edit]Turkish
[edit]Noun
[edit]and
Yola
[edit]Conjunction
[edit]and
- alternative form of an (“and”) quotations ▼
References
[edit]- Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828), William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 49
Zealandic
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Middle Dutch hant, from Old Dutch hant, from Proto-West Germanic *handu.
Noun
[edit]and f (plural [please provide])
Alternative forms
[edit]- Translingual terms derived from English
- Translingual clippings
- Translingual lemmas
- Translingual symbols
- ISO 639-3
- English 1-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:English/ænd
- Rhymes:English/ænd/1 syllable
- English terms with homophones
- English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂ent-
- English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- English terms derived from Middle English
- English terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- English terms inherited from Middle English
- English terms derived from Old English
- English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- English terms inherited from Old English
- English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂en-
- English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- English doublets
- English lemmas
- English conjunctions
- English terms with quotations
- English terms with obsolete senses
- English colloquialisms
- English literary terms
- English dialectal terms
- American English
- en:Mathematics
- en:Logic
- English nouns
- English countable nouns
- en:Music
- English terms derived from Old Norse
- British English
- English verbs
- English intransitive verbs
- English coordinating conjunctions
- English 3-letter words
- Azerbaijani terms inherited from Proto-Turkic
- Azerbaijani terms derived from Proto-Turkic
- Azerbaijani terms with IPA pronunciation
- Azerbaijani terms with audio pronunciation
- Azerbaijani lemmas
- Azerbaijani nouns
- Danish terms inherited from Old Norse
- Danish terms derived from Old Norse
- Danish terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Danish terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Danish terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Danish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Danish semantic loans from French
- Danish terms derived from French
- Danish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Danish/and
- Rhymes:Danish/and/1 syllable
- Danish lemmas
- Danish nouns
- Danish common-gender nouns
- da:Ducks
- Estonian terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Estonian terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Estonian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Estonian lemmas
- Estonian nouns
- Estonian paks-type nominals
- Fingallian lemmas
- Fingallian conjunctions
- Gothic non-lemma forms
- Gothic romanizations
- Livonian terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Livonian terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Livonian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Livonian lemmas
- Livonian nouns
- Livonian verbs
- Salaca Livonian
- Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Middle English terms derived from Old English
- Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Middle English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂ent-
- Middle English terms inherited from Old English
- Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation
- Middle English lemmas
- Middle English conjunctions
- Middle English terms with quotations
- Middle English terms with rare senses
- Middle English alternative forms
- Northern Middle English
- Norwegian Bokmål terms inherited from Old Norse
- Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Old Norse
- Norwegian Bokmål terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Norwegian Bokmål terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Norwegian Bokmål terms with IPA pronunciation
- Norwegian Bokmål terms with audio pronunciation
- Norwegian Bokmål lemmas
- Norwegian Bokmål nouns
- Norwegian Bokmål feminine nouns
- Norwegian Bokmål masculine nouns
- Norwegian Bokmål nouns with multiple genders
- nb:Birds
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms with IPA pronunciation
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms inherited from Old Norse
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from Old Norse
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Norwegian Nynorsk lemmas
- Norwegian Nynorsk nouns
- Norwegian Nynorsk feminine nouns
- Norwegian Nynorsk feminine consonant-stem nouns
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂enh₁-
- Norwegian Nynorsk non-lemma forms
- Norwegian Nynorsk verb forms
- nn:Birds
- Old English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂ent-
- Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Old English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Old English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Old English terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Old English/ɑnd
- Rhymes:Old English/ɑnd/1 syllable
- Old English lemmas
- Old English conjunctions
- Old English terms with quotations
- Old English adverbs
- Old Frisian terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Old Frisian terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Old Frisian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Frisian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Frisian lemmas
- Old Frisian conjunctions
- Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic
- Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic
- Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Irish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old Irish non-lemma forms
- Old Irish prepositional pronouns
- Old Irish terms with quotations
- Old Irish lemmas
- Old Irish adverbs
- Polish terms derived from German
- Polish terms borrowed from German
- Eastern Greater Poland Polish
- Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Polish lemmas
- Polish nouns
- Polish masculine nouns
- Polish inanimate nouns
- Polish terms with historical senses
- Polish terms with usage examples
- pl:Buildings
- pl:Housing
- Scots lemmas
- Scots conjunctions
- Swedish terms inherited from Old Norse
- Swedish terms derived from Old Norse
- Swedish terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Swedish terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Swedish terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Swedish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Swedish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Swedish terms with audio pronunciation
- Swedish lemmas
- Swedish nouns
- Swedish common-gender nouns
- Swedish terms with usage examples
- Swedish nouns with irregular plurals
- sv:Ducks
- Turkish lemmas
- Turkish nouns
- Turkish archaic forms
- Yola lemmas
- Yola conjunctions
- Yola terms with quotations
- Zealandic terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Zealandic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Zealandic terms inherited from Middle Dutch
- Zealandic terms derived from Middle Dutch
- Zealandic terms inherited from Old Dutch
- Zealandic terms derived from Old Dutch
- Zealandic terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Zealandic terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Zealandic lemmas
- Zealandic nouns
- Zealandic feminine nouns
- zea:Body parts