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(cache)Attention, cette ancienne vidéo d'une conférence organisée par l'ONU ne prouve pas l'existence des chemtrails | Factuel
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Les traînées blanches dans le sillage des avions font souvent l'objet d'affirmations fausses ou trompeuses. Ces allégations s'appuient sur la théorie conspirationniste des "chemtrails" selon laquelle ces traces dans le ciel seraient la preuve d'une propagation délibérée de produits chimiques. Des internautes affirment ainsi, une vidéo à l'appui, que les Nations Unies ont débattu par le passé de ces chemtrails, suggérant ainsi une reconnaissance de leur existence. Mais cette affirmation est fausse: l'extrait qui circule provient d'une conférence sur le climat organisée par l'Onu et non d'une réunion de ses membres officiels. Elle portait par ailleurs sur le changement climatique et non sur les "chemtrails", dont l'existence a déjà été réfutée à de nombreuses reprises par des experts auprès de l'AFP.
Alors qu'aux Etats-Unis, Robert F. Kennedy, défenseur de la théorie des "chemtrails" , a hérité du portefeuille de la Santé dans l'administration Trump, le narratif complotiste ressurgit sur les réseaux sociaux (archivés ici ).
"C'était apparemment l'une des vidéos les plus difficiles à trouver. Il s'agit d'un extrait de l'Assemblée du Conseil de l'ONU en 2006 sur le sujet des chemtrails et de leurs effets", avance une publication X , postée le 16 novembre 2024, partagée par près de 5 000 autres utilisateurs de la plateforme.
Pour appuyer ses propos, l'internaute relaie une vidéo de 19 minutes. On y voit une assemblée se tenir au cours de laquelle une femme, présentée sous le nom de Rosalind Peterson, est invitée à prendre la parole. Cette dernière exprime ses craintes quant aux conséquences du réchauffement climatique sur l'agriculture. Elle évoque notamment à ce sujet la propagation de "produits chimiques" dans les airs "provenant d'avions" .
La publication sur les réseaux sociaux sous-entend que cette intervention implique une reconnaissance de l'existence des chemtrails par l'organisation internationale.
Capture d'écran d'une publication X, réalisée le 22 novembre 2024.
Ce texte accompagné de cette même vidéo a aussi circulé sur Facebook .
Mais la personne qui s'exprime dans la vidéo ne représente pas les Nations unies, sa parole ne peut donc pas être considérée comme étant celle de l'organisation internationale. De plus, il n'existe aucune preuve scientifique attestant de l'existence des "chemtrails" comme l'ont déjà expliqué de nombreux experts à l'AFP.
Un discours non-représentatif des Nations unies Si l'AFP n'est pas parvenue à retrouver la vidéo originale, une recherche par mots-clefs, en anglais, nous a permis de retrouver durant quel événement celle-ci a été tournée.
En effet, une recherche sur Google avec les mots "Peterson", "united nations" et "climate" nous a conduit à un communiqué de presse , publié le 6 septembre 2007, disponible sur le site officiel des Nations unies (archivé ici et ici ). Le texte revient sur une conférence au sujet de "l'impact du changement climatique" incluant une table ronde sur "les meilleures pratiques d'utilisation des terres", avec parmi les intervenants Mme Peterson. Celle-ci s'inscrit dans le cadre d'un événement de trois jours organisé du 5 au 7 septembre 2007 au siège des Nations unies, à New York.
La correspondance avec cet événement se confirme aussi grâce à cette archive du site des Nations unies retrouvée via l'outil Wayback machine, qui permet de retrouver d'anciennes versions de pages internet . La page archivée annonce l'organisation d'une table ronde, le 6 septembre 2007, sur "les meilleures pratiques d'utilisation des terres" en présence de Rosalind Peterson. La programmation précise également la présence de Khaled Dawood en tant que modérateur, que l'on voit être présenté et prendre la parole au début de l'extrait vidéo relayé.
Cela permet d'établir que cette prise de parole n'a pas eu lieu lors d'une assemblée générale rassemblant uniquement les membres des Nations unies, mais plutôt lors d'un autre événement ouvert à des acteurs extérieurs comme Rosalind Peterson, invitée en tant que cofondatrice d'une association de défense de l'agriculture (archivé ici ).
De plus, Rosalind Peterson ne s'exprime pas dans cette vidéo au nom des Nations unies et cet extrait ne provient pas d'une réunion sur le sujet des "chemtrails et de leurs effets" mais d'une table ronde sur "l'utilisation des terres" dans le cadre d'une conférence portant sur le changement climatique organisée par les Nations unies.
Capture d'écran d'une archive du site des Nations unies annonçant la programmation d'une conférence sur le changement climatique en présence de Rosalind Peterson, réalisée le 26 novembre 2024.
Enfin, autre point important: si Rosalind Peterson évoque bien au cours de son intervention "des produits chimiques provenant d'avions" , elle ne mentionne jamais le terme de "chemtrails". Elle parle de "nuages artificiels" créés par l'homme. En outre, Rosalind Peterson a reconnu en 2012, lors d'une interview (30min20sec) en réponse à un auditeur, qu'elle ne disposait pas de "preuve vérifiable selon laquelle les avions de lignes larguent autre chose que du carburant".
Durant son discours lors de la conférence organisée par les Nations unies, Rosalind Peterson pointait aussi du doigt l'impact de ces traînées persistantes sur le réchauffement climatique et par ricochet sur l'agriculture, appelant à une "réduction de la pollution" dans les airs. Il s'agit d'une préoccupation partagée par différents scientifiques.
En 2017, un article publié sur le site de la Nasa abordait justement ce sujet rappelant que ces traînées dites de "condensation" ont "un effet de réchauffement significatif sur la planète" (archivé ici ).
De son côté, l'ONG européenne Transports & Environnement rappelle dans une étude (archivé ici et ici ), publiée le 13 novembre 2024, que "les lignes blanches dans le ciel créées par les avions ont un effet net de réchauffement aussi important que celui causé par les émissions de CO2 de l'aviation" . Si il est donc reconnu que ces traces laissées dans le ciel contribuent au réchauffement planétaire, la théorie conspirationniste des "chemtrails" selon laquelle ces lignes sont la preuve d'une propagation délibérée de produits chimiques n'est aucunement prouvé scientifiquement.
Comment se forment ces lignes blanches ? Jean-Christophe Canonici, directeur adjoint de SAFIRE (entité de recherche atmosphérique rassemblant le CNRS, Météo-France et le CNES) expliquait en mars 2021 à l'AFP que l'apparition de ces lignes blanches est un "phénomène physique classique" de "condensation" , due à l'altitude des avions où sont observés "un taux d'humidité relativement important, généralement autour de 70 %, et des températures qui sont inférieures à - 35° C" (archivé ici ).
Lors de son vol, un avion éjecte de la vapeur d'eau, "des petites gouttelettes d'eau issues de la combustion de gaz [dans les réacteurs, NDLR] qui disparaissent très rapidement dans des masses d'air plus sèches, dans une zone d'instabilité atmosphérique" , avait-il détaillé.
"C'est dans ces conditions qu'on peut voir, non pas des "chemtrails" mais des "contrails" [contraction de condensation et trail, NDLR], des traînées de condensation qui vont s'étaler et produire ce qu'on appelle un cirrus artificiel, généré par l'activité humaine" , avait précisé le chercheur, concluant que "c'est la condensation ou la congélation de la vapeur d'eau sous forme de cristaux de glace qui est visible depuis le sol" .
"Quand on voit des traînées blanches, il s'agit de condensation, des gouttelettes d'eau liquide" dont la durée et la taille dépendent "des conditions très locales de température et de pression" , abondait également en ce sens Nathalie Huret , professeure des universités en physico-chimie de l'atmosphère (archivé ici ).
Une explication que l'on retrouve aussi sur le site de la société royale aéronautique , qui évoque des "traînées de condensation des gaz d'échappement des avions de ligne" (archivé ici ).
Aucune preuve scientifique de l'existence des "chemtrails" Selon les croyances conspirationnistes, ces traces blanches visibles à l'arrière des avions seraient composées de produits chimiques propagés de manière délibérée avec divers objectifs prétendus. Les narratifs autour de cette théorie sont multiples : stérilisation, diffusion du Covid-19 et de cancers, contrôle mental ou encore du temps. Mais il s'agit de théories totalement infondées, résumées sous le nom de "chemtrails", la contraction de "chemical trail" (en français, traînée chimique ).
Très récurrente sur les réseaux sociaux, cette théorie a été régulièrement réfutée par plusieurs experts auprès de l'AFP.
Selon Jean-Christophe Canonici, l'avion "libère surtout des impuretés, qu'on appelle des aérosols" . Ces particules attirent la vapeur d'eau et facilitent sa condensation jusqu'à "augmenter et épaissir le panache blanc" , caractéristiques des traces visibles dans le ciel.
En mars 2024, Elizabeth Paunovic , experte santé liée à l'environnement et ex-directrice du Centre européen pour l'environnement et la santé de l'organisation mondiale de la santé (OMS) affirmait à l'AFP : "il n'y a aucun article scientifique, aucune analyse, montrant que les chemtrails existent" (archivés ici et ici ).
Un constat que partage aussi Edward Parson , professeur de droit environnemental à l'université de Californie-Los Angeles (archivé ici ). Contacté par l'AFP, en septembre 2024, il estime que les personnes qui relaient "cette théorie complotiste des chemtrails, selon laquelle il y aurait une dispersion à grande échelle de produits chimiques dans l'atmosphère, avançant comme preuve les lignes blanches derrière les avions, inventent des histoires" .
Les trainées en question "sont constituées d'eau ou de glace, faisant partie des gaz d'échappement du moteur qui contiennent de petites quantités de polluants comme tous les gaz d'échappement de véhicules" , avait-il ajouté.
L'équipe d'AFP publie régulièrement des articles réfutant l'existence des "chemtrails", vous pouvez les retrouver ici ou ici .
26 novembre 2024 Corrige coquille au 2e intertitre et ajoute mots clés
26 novembre 2024 Corrige coquille au 2e intertitre et ajoute mots clés
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