Warning: This contains spoilers for the end of “The Odyssey.”
You might have read “The Odyssey” before, but Christopher Nolan’s rendering of the epic poem, part of the Homeric cycle, offers up a brand new experience.
That’s especially true of the ending. Nolan reimagines what happens when Odysseus, played by Matt Damon, returns to Ithaca after 10 years fighting in the Trojan War and another 10 years trying to return to his kingdom.
Here’s what to know about Nolan’s twist on the ending of “The Odyssey,” how the real poem ends and the surprising, and unofficial, continuation of Odysseus’ story.
What Happens at the End of Christopher Nolan’s ‘The Odyssey’?
Nolan’s “Odyssey” will be unfamiliar for those who read the epic poem.
It’s a bittersweet ending for Odysseus and his wife, Penelope (Anne Hathaway). After murdering the suitors who had been trying to court her, Odysseus is exiled from Ithaca.
He and Penelope leave their son Telemachus (Tom Holland) behind and sail west toward the setting sun, which is what Penelope dreamed they’d do when news of the Trojan War first broke out. Yes, he’s exiled — but at least they’re together.
Odysseus also reckons with the dire outlook for civilization at large and his role in it. Odysseus feels that the invasion of Troy broke “Zeus’ law,” cited throughout the movie — the code of conduct that says you should treat hosts and guests well, because anyone could be a god. The Trojan Horse, an act of war disguised as a gift, was a breach of the code.
Odysseus feels that this has led to the collapse of civilization. The “sea people,” spoken of throughout the movie with fear, are the returning Greek soldiers sacking towns, and spreading the violence that started in Troy.
He references the idea of oral history, which is how “The Odyssey” and its companion story “The Iliad” began. When people can no longer read, they will tell the stories of Troy in poems.
Scholar Joel Christensen, editor of “The Oxford Critical Guide to Homer’s Odyssey,” points out that Damon’s Odysseus does something Homer’s Odysseus doesn’t: Spares some of the suitors’ lives. He says Damon’s Odysseus is more of a “good guy” than the original.
“What I wanted to happen because it would have been more true to the poem is for him to kill the kneeling men,” Christensen says.
What Happens at the End of Homer’s ‘The Odyssey’?
“The ending of ‘The Odyssey’ is kind of strange,” Celsiana Warwick, assistant professor in the University of Iowa Department of Classics, tells TODAY.com.
The Hollywood version of the story might end with Penelope and Odysseus’ reunion. But that would have been “unsatisfying” to an ancient audience, Warwick says.
Instead, Odysseus has to face consequences for murdering all of the suitors, which compromise an elite swath of Ancient Greece’s population. The families of the suitors swarm Ithaca, wanting to get revenge on Odysseus and Telemachus. They’re about to rush into battle when the gods intervene. “Zeus hurls a thunderbolt, and Athena makes them swear a truce,” Warwick says.
Warwick adds that the ending speaks to an element of Greek culture during the archaic period “where blood feuds between aristocratic families could get way out of hand.”
“That’s something that would have been of great interest to an ancient audience, perhaps not so much to a modern audience,” she says.
Odysseus’ wandering continues, too, though his departure from Ithaca is not actually depicted in “The Odyssey.” Earlier on in the poem, the seer Tiresias tells Odysseus what he must do after killing the suitors.
In order to lift Poseidon’s curse, Odyssey has to take an oar and go on a journey until he finds men who don’t recognize it and know nothing of the sea. There, he will make a sacrifice to Poseidon, and all will be well. Tiresias predicted he would die of old age.
Jonathan Burgess, Emeritus professor of Classics, University of Toronto, calls the poem’s ending a “happy” one.
“There’s the recognition that things will follow. Poseidon’s still mad, but in the underworld, Odysseus was told how to stop Poseidon from being angry at him. There’s another adventure coming, but it’s a solution to anger from the divinity Poseidon — something you don’t want to hang over your life,” he says.
What Happens to Odysseus After ‘The Odyssey’?
“The Odyssey” ends with the gods intervening in a suitors’ battle. However, there’s more about Odysseus to be found in “other epics about the Trojan War and what happens after the Trojan War,” Burgess says.
“These existed apparently around the same time as ‘The Iliad’ and ‘The Odyssey.’ Same meter, same kind of poetry, same tradition. They told the whole story, starting from Paris and Helen to the sack of Troy,” Burgess says.
Unlike “The Iliad” and “The Odyssey,” these poems don’t exist in full. Instead, only fragments survived. Proclus, a Roman grammarian, wrote down summaries.
“The cycle poems were valued as context for Homer, but the poems themselves were not valued enough to be sung or to be preserved by the Roman period,” Burgess says.
The epic cycle concludes with “The Telegony,” which is about what happened after Odysseus’ homecoming. Author Madeline Miller looked to “The Telegony” for her popular book “Circe,” about the witch who hosts Odysseus during “The Odyssey.”
“The Telegony” is about Telegonus, the son Odysseus had during his time with Circe. Telegonus is not mentioned in “The Odyssey.”
He goes out in search of his father, carrying weapons from his mom — one being a poison-tipped spear. Eventually, he uses that spear on his father.
“Telegonus has never seen Odysseus. Odysseus has never seen Telegonus. Odysseus assumes he’s some stranger trying to steal his cattle. So they fight, and Telegonus kills his dad,” Burgess says.
Then comes something, perhaps, even stranger. First, Telegonus and Telemachus bring the corpse of Odysseus back to Aeaea, the island of Circe, and bury the body.
“Some people say Circe married Telemachus, and that Telegonus married Penelope. So there’s this strange two new weddings at the end of ‘The Telegony,’” Burgess says.
Burgess says Odysseus also remarries, according to certain myths. After leaving Ithaca to make a sacrifice for Poseidon, he travels to Epirus in northwest Greece. He married Callidice and has a son, Polypoetes, Burgess shares. After Callidice dies, he returns to Ithaca — setting the scene for “The Telegony.”
“The Telegony” place in relation to “The Odyssey” remains a mystery.
“Clearly, ‘The Telegony’ knows of ‘The Odyssey,’ but does ‘The Odyssey’ know of ‘The Telegony’”? Warwick asks.
She thinks “The Telegony” might speak to the idea of tying up loose ends.
“I think it is meant to be a happy ending. This is a way for his family to be happy without him,” Warwick says.
This article was originally published on TODAY.com