Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/otьcь

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Most probably an early agent noun from native *otъ (“father”) +‎ *-ьcь.^[1]

Noun

*otь̀cь m^[1]^[2]^[3]

father, patriarch

Usage notes

Following the Christianization of Early Slavs, in many languages the reflexes of *otьcь became calques of Byzantine Greek παπᾶς (papâs, “spiritual father”), Latin pāpa (“id.”) (whence Proto-Slavic *popъ (“priest”)) and are used as an appellation to ecclesiastical figures (priests, clerics, bishops, etc.).

Declension

show ▼Declension of *otь̀cь (soft o-stem, accent paradigm b)
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*otь̀cь	*otьcà	*otьcì
genitive	*otьcà	*otьcù	*otь̀cь
dative	*otьcù	*otьcèma	*otь̀cemъ
accusative	*otь̀cь	*otьcà	*otьcę̇̀
instrumental	otьcь̀mь, otьcèmь^*	*otьcèma	*otь̀ci
locative	*otьcì	*otьcù	*otь̀cixъ
vocative	*otьče	*otьcà	*otьcì

^* -ьmь in North Slavic, -emь in South Slavic.

Alternative forms

*otьkъ (prior to third palatalization, attested in Northern Russian dialects)

Derived terms

*otьčę (diminutive, reanalyzed under the influence of the voc. *otьče)
*otьčimъ (“fatherly figure”)
*otьčь, *otьcevъ (“paternal”)
*otьčьnъ (“fatherly”)
- *otьčina (“paternal household”)
*otьčьskъ (“patriotic”)
*otьčьstvo (“fatherland”)

show more ▼

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: отьць (otĭcĭ), отець (otecĭ), отецъ (otecŭ)
  - Belarusian: аце́ц (acjéc)
  - Russian: оте́ц (otéc)
  - Carpathian Rusyn: оте́ць (otécʹ)
  - Ukrainian: оте́ць (otécʹ), (dialectal) оти́ць (otýcʹ), воти́ц (votýc), вуте́ц (vutéc), віте́ц (vitéc)
- Old Novgorodian: *отьке (*otĭke)
  - Russian: отёк (otjók) (dialectal)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Old Cyrillic script: отьць (otĭcĭ)
  
  Glagolitic script: ⱁⱅⱐⱌⱐ (otĭcĭ)
- Bulgarian: оте́ц (otéc)
- Macedonian: отец (otec)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: о̀тац
  
  Latin script: òtac
- Slovene: ótec (formal) (tonal orthography)
West Slavic:
- Old Czech: otec
  - Czech: otec
- Old Polish: ociec, hociec
  - > Polish: ojciec (inherited)
  - > Silesian: ôjciec (inherited)
- Old Slovak: otec
  - Pannonian Rusyn: оцец (ocec)
  - Slovak: otec, oťec (dialectal)
- Pomeranian:
  - Kashubian: òjc
  - Slovincian: wôjc
- Sorbian:
  - Lower Sorbian: wóśc
  - Upper Sorbian: wótc, wóćec

Non-Slavic:
- → Romanian: oteț

References

↑ ^{Jump up to: 1.0} ^1.1 Derksen, Rick (2008), “*otьcь”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 383
^ Olander, Thomas (2001), “otьcь otьca”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎^[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b (SA 171); a? (PR 132)”
^ Snoj, Marko (2016), “otec”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *otьcь̏”

[EDSIL-1] {Jump up to: 1.0} ^1.1 Derksen, Rick (2008), “*otьcь”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 383

[2] Olander, Thomas (2001), “otьcь otьca”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎^[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b (SA 171); a? (PR 132)”

[3] Snoj, Marko (2016), “otec”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *otьcь̏”

[1]

[2]

[3]

sěmьja, rodina (“family”)	Male	Female
parent	otъ, otьcь (“father”) nursery: *tata	mati (“mother”) nursery:* *mama
sibling	*bratrъ (“brother”)	*sestra (“sister”)
child	*synъ (“son”)	*dъťi (“daughter”)
grandparent	– (“grandfather”) nursery: dědъ; nana	ova (“grandmother”) nursery:* baba; nena
grandchild	*vъnukъ (“grandson”)	*vъnuka (“granddaughter”)
stepparent	*otьčimъ (“stepfather”)	*maťexa (“stepmother”)
stepchild	*pastorъkъ (“stepson”)	*pastorъka (“stepdaughter”)
father's sibling	strъjь (“paternal uncle”) nursery:* dada; lola	– (“paternal aunt”) nursery: teta; lelja
mother's sibling	ujь (“maternal uncle”) nursery:* dada; lola	– (“maternal aunt”) nursery: teta; lelja
sibling's child	*netьjь (“nephew”)	*nestera (“niece”)
spouse	*mǫžь (“husband”)	*žena (“wife”)
parent of wife	*tьstь (“father-in-law (wife's father)”)	*tьšča (“mother-in-law (wife's mother)”)
parent of husband	*svekrъ (“father-in-law (husband's father)”)	*svekry (“mother-in-law (husband's mother)”)
sibling of wife	*šurь (“brother-in-law (wife's brother)”)	svěstь, svьstь (“sister-in-law (wife's sister)”)
sibling of husband	*děverь (“brother-in-law (husband's brother)”)	*zъly (“sister-in-law (husband's sister)”)
spouse of child	*zętь (“son-in-law (daughter's husband)”)	*snъxa (“daughter-in-law (son's wife)”)
spouse of husband's brother	–	*ętry (“sister-in-law (husband's brother's wife)”)