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Acheilognathus cyanostigmaAcheilognathus cyanostigmaAcheilognathus cyanostigma

Striped Bitterling

Acheilognathus cyanostigma

Abstract

Striped Bitterling Acheilognathus cyanostigma has most recently been assessed for The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species in 2017. Acheilognathus cyanostigma is listed as Endangered under criteria B2ab(i,ii,iii,iv,v).


The Red list Assessmenti

Last assessed

08 December 2017

Scope of assessment

Global

Population trend

Decreasing

Number of mature individuals

Population in detail

Habitat and ecology

Wetlands (inland), Artificial/Aquatic & Marine

Habitat and ecology in detail

Geographic range

+−
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  • Extant (resident)

IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) 2018. Acheilognathus cyanostigma. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2025-2
Geographic range in detail

Taxonomy

Kingdom

Animalia

Phylum

Chordata

Class

Actinopterygii

Order

Cypriniformes

Family

Acheilognathidae

Genus

Acheilognathus

Scientific name

Acheilognathus cyanostigma

Authority

Jordan & Fowler, 1903

Synonyms

Common names

English

Striped Bitterling

Japanese

Ichimonji Tanago, Ichimonjitanago, イチモンジタナゴ

Taxonomic sources

Eschmeyer, W.N., Fricke, R. and Van der Laan, R. (eds). 2017. Catalog of Fishes: genera, species, references. Updated 30 March 2017. Available at: http://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/fishcatmain.asp. (Accessed: 06 April 2017).

Identification Information

Taxonomic notes

Assessment Information

Global Assessment

IUCN Red List Category and Criteria - Global Assessment

Endangered B2ab(i,ii,iii,iv,v)

ver 3.1

Date assessed

08 December 2017

Year published

2019

Year last seen

Previously published Red List assessments

    Regional assessments

      Assessor(s)

      Miyazaki, Y., Nakajima, J., Takaku, K. & Taniguchi, Y.

      Reviewer(s)

      Sayer, C.

      Contributor(s)

      Facilitator(s) / Compiler(s)

      Sayer, C.

      Partner(s) / Institution(s)

      Authority / Authorities

      Justification

      This species is endemic to Japan where it is native to Lake Biwa, Yodo River, Yura River and Kako River. It has an extent of occurrence (EOO) of 10,401 km2 and an area of occupancy (AOO) of 32 km2. There are five locations based on the threat of invasive species. There are continuing declines in the distribution area, habitat, number of subpopulations and mature individuals as a result of invasive species, habitat degradation and harvesting for ornamental use. Therefore, this species is assessed as Endangered.

      Geographic Range

      Native

      Extant (resident)

      Japan (Honshu)

      Extant & Introduced (resident)

      Japan (Kyushu)

      Number of locations

      5

      Upper depth limit

      Lower depth limit

      Estimated area of occupancy (AOO) (km²)

      32

      Endemic to the EU

      No

      Continuing decline in area of occupancy (AOO)

      Yes

      Extreme fluctuations in area of occupancy (AOO)

      Estimated extent of occurrence (EOO) (km²)

      10401

      Continuing decline in extent of occurrence (EOO)

      Yes

      Extreme fluctuations in extent of occurrence (EOO)

      Continuing decline in number of locations

      Extreme fluctuations in the number of locations

      Range Description

      This species is endemic to Japan. It is native to Lake Biwa, Yodo River, Yura River and Kako River. It is native and extant in five prefectures: Mie, Kyoto, Hyogo, Shiga and Osaka.

      This species was introduced to the Nobi Plain, Yahagi River, Lake Mikata and Midori River purposefully by ornamentalists and accidentally on the eggs of stocked individuals of the Ayu (Plecoglossus altivelis altivelis) (National Institute for Environmental Studies 2017). However, it is now extinct in Lake Mikata (Ministry of Environment Government of Japan 2010).

      This species has an extent of occurrence (EOO) of 10,401 km2 and an area of occupancy (AOO) of 32 km2. There are five locations based on the threat of invasive species.

      Population

      Current population trend

      Decreasing

      Number of mature individuals

      Population severely fragmented

      Continuing decline of mature individuals

      Yes

      Extreme fluctuations

      No. of subpopulations

      Continuing decline in subpopulations

      Yes

      Extreme fluctuations in subpopulations

      All individuals in one subpopulation

      No. of individuals in largest subpopulation

      Description

      Large declines have been recorded in the Yodo River, Lake Biwa and Nobi Plain (introduced subpopulation) (Ministry of Environment Government of Japan 2010, Kawamura 2014, Kitazima et al. 2015).

      Habitat and Ecology

      System

      Habitat type

      Wetlands (inland), Artificial/Aquatic & Marine

      Generation length (years)

      Congregatory

      Movement patterns

      Continuing decline in area, extent and/or quality of habitat

      Yes

      Habitat and Ecology

      This species occurs in slow-flowing waters in downstream parts of large rivers, shallow lakes, ponds and irrigation canals (Nakabo 2002, Ministry of Environment Government of Japan 2010).

      Classification scheme

      HabitatsSeasonSuitabilityMajor importance
      5. Wetlands (inland)5.1. Wetlands (inland) - Permanent Rivers/Streams/Creeks (includes waterfalls)-Suitable
      5.5. Wetlands (inland) - Permanent Freshwater Lakes (over 8ha)-Suitable
      5.7. Wetlands (inland) - Permanent Freshwater Marshes/Pools (under 8ha)-Suitable
      15. Artificial/Aquatic & Marine15.9. Artificial/Aquatic - Canals and Drainage Channels, Ditches-Suitable

      Threats

      Biological resource use

      • Fishing & harvesting aquatic resources

      Natural system modifications

      • Other ecosystem modifications

      Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases

      • Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases

      Pollution

      • Domestic & urban waste water
      • Agricultural & forestry effluents

      Threats

      Carnivorous invasive fish species, such as Bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) and Largemouth and Smallmouth Bass (Micropterus sp.), have caused declines in the population, primarily in Lake Biwa. It also competes with the introduced Rosy Bitterling (Rhodeus ocellatus ocellatus). Loss of vegetation in large rivers and on the shoreline of Lake Biwa, with natural habitats being converted to concrete banks, threatens this species. River development and water pollution, which indirectly affects the species by causing declines in freshwater mussels, are also threats, leading to the shrinking of appropriate habitat. It is also captured as an ornamental fish by traders (Ministry of Environment Government of Japan 2010).

      Where introduced in Japan, this species negatively affects native Bitterlings by competing for oviposition sites in bivalves (National Institute for Environmental Studies 2017).

      Classification scheme

      ThreatsTimingStressesScopeSeverityInvasive speciesVirus
      5. Biological resource use5.4. Fishing & harvesting aquatic resources5.4.1. Intentional use: (subsistence/small scale) [harvest]Ongoing
      2. Species Stresses2.1. Species mortality
      		Whole (>90%)Rapid Declines
      7. Natural system modifications7.3. Other ecosystem modificationsOngoing
      1. Ecosystem stresses1.1. Ecosystem conversion
      1.2. Ecosystem degradation
      		Whole (>90%)Slow, Significant Declines
      8. Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases8.1. Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases8.1.2. Named speciesOngoing
      2. Species Stresses2.3. Indirect species effects2.3.2. Competition
      		Whole (>90%)Slow, Significant DeclinesRhodeus ocellatus
      8.1.2. Named speciesOngoing
      2. Species Stresses2.1. Species mortality
      2.3. Indirect species effects2.3.2. Competition
      		Whole (>90%)Slow, Significant DeclinesLepomis macrochirus
      8.1.2. Named speciesOngoing
      2. Species Stresses2.1. Species mortality
      		Whole (>90%)Rapid DeclinesUnspecified Micropterus
      9. Pollution9.1. Domestic & urban waste water9.1.1. SewageOngoing
      1. Ecosystem stresses1.2. Ecosystem degradation
      		Whole (>90%)Slow, Significant Declines
      9.3. Agricultural & forestry effluents9.3.1. Nutrient loadsOngoing
      1. Ecosystem stresses1.2. Ecosystem degradation
      1.3. Indirect ecosystem effects
      		Whole (>90%)Slow, Significant Declines

      Use and Trade

      Pets/display animals, horticulture

      Local: ✘
      National: ✔
      International: ✘

      Use and Trade

      It is sold as an ornamental fish in Japan (Ministry of Environment Government of Japan 2010).

      Conservation Actions

      In-place land/water protection

      • Invasive species control or prevention : Yes

      In-place species management

      • Subject to ex-situ conservation : Yes

      Conservation Actions

      No conservation actions have been implemented for this species in its natural range. Artificial breeding in this species is difficult but it breeds well in the wild (Ministry of Environment Government of Japan 2010). Ex situ conservation actions are ongoing in Shiga Prefecture. There is also legal protection in this prefecture (Kanao et al. 2012).

      This species was assessed as Critically Endangered on the Japanese National Red List in both 2007 and 2013 (Ministry of Environment 2013).

      Conservation actions classification scheme

      Conservation Actions NeededNotes
      1. Land/water protection1.1. Site/area protection
      1.2. Resource & habitat protection
      2. Land/water management2.1. Site/area management
      2.2. Invasive/problematic species control
      3. Species management3.2. Species recovery
      3.4. Ex-situ conservation3.4.1. Captive breeding/artificial propagation
      4. Education & awareness4.3. Awareness & communications
      5. Law & policy5.1. Legislation5.1.2. National level
      5.1.3. Sub-national level

      Research classification scheme

      Research NeededNotes
      1. Research1.2. Population size, distribution & trends
      1.3. Life history & ecology
      1.5. Threats
      1.6. Actions
      2. Conservation Planning2.1. Species Action/Recovery Plan
      3. Monitoring3.1. Population trends

      Bibliography

      IUCN. 2019. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2019-2. Available at: www.iucnredlist.org. (Accessed: 04 July 2019).

      Kanao, S., Matsuda, M. and Maehata, M. 2012. Present status and future conservation of native bitterlings (Cyprinidae) in Lake Biwa, Japan. Japanese Journal of Ichthyology 59: 75-78.

      Kawamura, K. 2014. Acheilognathus cyanostigma. Threatened Wildlife of Japan Red Data Book 2014; Pisces - Brackish and Fresh Water Fishes, pp. 18-19. Gyosei, Tokyo.

      Kitazima, J., Matsuda, M., Mori, S., Kokita, T. and Watanabe, K. 2015. Population structure and cryptic replacement of local populations in the endangered bitterling Acheilognathus cyanostigma. Ichthyological Research 62(2): 122-130.

      Ministry of Environment, Government of Japan. 2010. Annex explanatory document of the revised Red List of brackish water and freshwater fish. Available at: https://ikilog.biodic.go.jp/rdbdata/files/explanatory_pdf/21fish.pdf.

      Ministry of Envrionment. 2013. Brackish water and freshwater fish fourth Red List new and old comparison table. Available at: http://www.env.go.jp/press/files/jp/21445.pdf.

      Nakabo, T. 2002. Fishes of Japan with pictorial keys to the species, English edition I. Tokai University Press, Japan.

      National Institute for Environmental Studies. 2017. Acheilognathus cyanostigma Invasive Species of Japan. Available at: https://www.nies.go.jp/biodiversity/invasive/DB/detail/50460e.html. (Accessed: April 2017).

      External Data

      Images and External Links

      iNaturalist.org observations

      Search sites for species

      CITES Legislation from Species+

      Data Source

      The information below is from the Species+ website.

      Ex situ data from Species360

      Data Source

      The information below is from Species360's Zoological Information Management System (ZIMS)

      Studies and Actions from Conservation Evidence

      Data Source

      The information below is from the Conservation Evidence website.

      Search terms: "Acheilognathus cyanostigma", "Acheilognathidae"

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