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Pangea Typeface Collection – Campaign motif

Pangea Typeface Collection – Arabic character

Supercontinent

Энергетическая утилизация отходов

EGLO.036

Kpɛlɛɛ ta ti le tɛ yɛ nduwɔ

البحث عن

Tắc kè lùn đầu vàng

Διοξείδιο του άνθρακα

עבטנש חנומ אוה המודאה ריעה

ศิลปวัฒนธรรมของมนุษย์

ปรับสมดุลทางวิทยาศาสตร์

Resilience

20 Mil Léguas Submarinas

The year 1866 was signalized by a remarkable incident, a mysterious and inexplicable phenomenon, which doubtless no one has yet forgotten.

Fifteen days later, two thousand miles further off, the Helvetia, of the Compagnie-Nationale, and the Shannon, of the Royal Mail Steamship Company, sailing to windward in that portion of the Atlantic lying between the United States and Europe, respectively signaled the monster to each other in 42° 15′ N. lat. and 60° 35′ W. long. In these simultaneous observations, they thought themselves justified in estimating the minimum length of the mammal at more than three hundred and fifty feet, as the Shannon and Helvetia were of smaller dimensions than it, though they measured three hundred feet over all. Now the largest whales, those which frequent those parts of the sea round the Aleutian, Kulammak, and Umgullich Islands, have never exceeded the length of sixty yards, if they attain that. These reports arriving one after the other, with fresh observations made on board the transatlantic ship Pereira, a collision which occurred between the Etna of the Inman line and the monster, a process verbal directed by the officers of the French frigate Normandie, a very accurate survey made by the staff of Commodore Fitz-James on board the Lord Clyde greatly influenced public opinion. Light-thinking people jested upon the phenomenon, but grave, practical countries, such as England, America, and Germany, treated the matter more seriously. In every place of great resort the monster was the fashion. They sang of it in the cafés, ridiculed it in the papers, and represented it on the stage. All kinds of stories were circulated regarding it. There appeared in the papers caricatures of every gigantic and imaginary creature, from the white whale, the terrible “Moby Dick” of hyperborean regions, to the immense kraken whose tentacles could entangle a ship of five hundred tons, and hurry it into the abyss of the ocean. The legends of ancient times were even resuscitated, and the opinions of Aristotle and Pliny revived, who admitted the existence of these monsters, as well as the Norwegian tales of Bishop Pontoppidan, the accounts of Paul Heggede, and, last of all, the reports of Mr. Harrington (whose good faith no one could suspect), who affirmed that, being on board the Castillan, in 1857, he had seen this enormous serpent which had never until that time frequented any other seas than those of the imagination. Then burst forth the interminable controversy between the credulous and the incredulous in the societies of savants and scientific journals. “The question of the monster” inflamed all minds. Editors of scientific journals, quarreling with believers in the supernatural, spilled seas of ink during this memorable campaign, some even drawing blood; for, from sea-serpent, they came to direct personalities. For six months war was waged with various fortune in the leading articles of the Geographical Institution of Brazil, the Royal Academy of Science of Berlin, the British Association, the Smithsonian Institution of Washington, in the discussions of the “Indian Archipelago,” of the Cosmos of the Abbé Moigno, in the Mittheilungen of Petermann, in the scientific chronicles of the great journals of France and other countries. The cheaper journals replied keenly and with inexhaustible zest. These satirical writers parodied a remark of Linnæus, quoted by the adversaries of the monster, maintaining that “nature did not make fools,” and adjured their contemporaries not to give the lie to nature, by admitting the existence of krakens, sea-serpents, “Moby Dicks,” and other lucubrations of delirious sailors. At length an article in a well-known satirical journal by a favorite contributor, the chief of the staff, settled the monster, like Hippolytus, giving it the death-blow amid a universal burst of laughter. Wit had conquered science. During the first months of the year 1867, the question seemed buried never to revive, when new facts were brought before the public. It was then no longer a scientific problem to be solved, but a real danger seriously to be avoided. The question took quite another shape. The monster became a small island, a rock, a reef, but a reef of indefinite and shifting proportions. On the 5th of March, 1867, the Moravian, of the Montreal Ocean Company, finding herself during the night in 27° 30′ lat. and 72° 15′ long., struck on her starboard quarter a rock, marked in no chart for that part of the sea. Under the combined efforts of the wind and its four hundred horse-power, it was going at the rate of thirteen knots. Had it not been for the strength of the hull of the Moravian, she would have been broken by the shock, and gone down with the 237 passengers she was bringing home from Canada. The accident happened about five o’clock in the morning, as the day was breaking. The officers of the quarter-deck hurried to the after-part of the vessel. They examined the sea with the most scrupulous attention. They saw nothing but a strong eddy about three cables’ length distant, as if the surface had been violently agitated. The bearings of the place were taken exactly, and the Moravian continued its route without apparent damage. Had it struck on a submerged rock, or on an enormous wreck? They could not tell; but on examination of the ship’s bottom when undergoing repairs, it was found that part of her keel was broken. This fact, so grave in itself, might perhaps have been forgotten like many others, if, three weeks after, it had not been re-enacted under similar circumstances. But, thanks to the nationality of the victim of the shock, thanks to the reputation of the company to which the vessel belonged, the circumstance became extensively circulated. The 13th of April, 1867, the sea being beautiful, the breeze favorable, the Scotia, of the Cunard Company’s line, found herself in 15° 12′ long. and 45° 37′ lat. She was going at the speed of thirteen knots and a half. At seventeen minutes past four in the afternoon, while the passengers were assembled at lunch in the great salon, a slight shock was felt on the hull of the Scotia, on her quarter, a little aft of the port paddle. The Scotia had not struck, but she had been struck, and seemingly by something rather sharp and penetrating than blunt. The shock had been so light that no one had been alarmed, had it not been for the shouts of the carpenter’s watch, who rushed onto the bridge, exclaiming, “We are sinking! we are sinking!” At first the passengers were much frightened, but Captain Anderson hastened to reassure them. The danger could not be imminent. The Scotia, divided into seven compartments by strong partitions, could brave with impunity any leak. Captain Anderson went down immediately into the hold. He found that the sea was pouring into the fifth compartment; and the rapidity of the influx proved that the force of the water was considerable. Fortunately this compartment did not hold the boilers, or the fires would have been immediately extinguished. Captain Anderson ordered the engines to be stopped at once, and one of the men went down to ascertain the extent of the injury. Some minutes afterward they discovered the existence of a large hole, of two yards in diameter, in the ship’s bottom. Such a leak could not be stopped; and the Scotia, her paddles half submerged, was obliged to continue her course. She was then three hundred miles from Cape Clear, and after three days’ delay, which caused great uneasiness in Liverpool, she entered the basin of the company. The engineers visited the Scotia, which was put in dry-dock. They could scarcely believe it possible; at two yards and a half below water-mark was a regular rent, in the form of an isosceles triangle. The broken place in the iron plates was so perfectly defined that it could not have been more neatly done by a punch. It was clear, then, that the instrument producing the perforation was not of a common stamp; and after having been driven with prodigious strength, and piercing an iron plate one and three-eighth inches thick, had withdrawn itself by a retrograde motion truly inexplicable. Such was the last fact, which resulted in exciting once more the torrent of public opinion. From this moment all unlucky casualties which could not be otherwise accounted for were put down to the monster. Upon this imaginary creature rested the responsibility of all these shipwrecks, which unfortunately were considerable; for of three thousand ships whose loss was annually recorded at Lloyds’, the number of sailing and steam ships supposed to be totally lost, from the absence of all news, amounted to not less than two hundred. Now, it was the “monster” who, justly or unjustly, was accused of their disappearance, and, thanks to it, communication between the different continents became more and more dangerous. The public demanded peremptorily that the seas should at any price be relieved from this formidable cetacean.

The year 1866 was signalized by a remarkable incident, a mysterious and inexplicable phenomenon, which doubtless no one has yet forgotten. Not to mention rumors which agitated the maritime population, and excited the public mind, even in the interior of continents, seafaring men were particularly excited. Kaufleute, Reeder, Schiffskapitäne, Skipper und Master in Europa und Amerika, Offiziere der Kriegsmarine aller Länder und schließlich die Regierungen der verschiedenen Staaten beider Kontinente nahmen die Vorfälle außerordentlich ernst. Seit einiger Zeit schon waren mehrere Schiffe auf hoher See „einem gigantischen Etwas“ begegnet, einem langen, spindelförmigen Gegenstand, der bisweilen phosphoreszierte und weitaus größer und schneller war als ein Wal. Los hechos relativos a estas apariciones, consignados en los diferentes libros de a bordo, coincidían con bastante exactitud en lo referente a la estructura del objeto o del ser en cuestión, a la excepcional velocidad de sus movimientos, a la sorprendente potencia de su locomoción y a la particular vitalidad de que parecía dotado. De tratarse de un cetáceo, superaba en volumen a todos cuantos especímenes de este género había clasificado la ciencia hasta entonces. Ni Cuvier, ni Lacepède, ni Dumeril, ni Quatrefages hubieran admitido la existencia de tal monstruo, a menos de haberlo visto por sus propios ojos de sabios. À prendre la moyenne des observations faites à diverses reprises, — en rejetant les évaluations timides qui assignaient à cet objet une longueur de deux cents pieds, et en repoussant les opinions exagérées qui le disaient large d’un mille et long de trois, — on pouvait affirmer, cependant, que cet être phénoménal dépassait de beaucoup toutes les dimensions admises jusqu’à ce jour par les ichthyologistes, — s’il existait toutefois. Or, il existait, le fait en lui-même n’était plus niable, et, avec ce penchant qui pousse au merveilleux la cervelle humaine, on comprendra l’émotion produite dans le monde entier par cette surnaturelle apparition. Quant à la rejeter au rang des fables, il fallait y renoncer. En effet, le 20 juillet 1866, le steamer Governor-Higginson, de Calcutta and Burnach steam navigation Company, avait rencontré cette masse mouvante à cinq milles dans l’est des côtes de l’Australie. Le capitaine Baker se crut, tout d’abord, en présence d’un écueil inconnu ; il se disposait même à en déterminer la situation exacte, quand deux colonnes d’eau, projetées par l’inexplicable objet, s’élancèrent en sifflant à cent cinquante pieds dans l’air. Donc, à moins que cet écueil ne fût soumis aux expansions intermittentes d’un geyser, le Governor-Higginson avait affaire bel et bien à quelque mammifère aquatique, inconnu jusque-là, qui rejetait par ses évents des colonnes d’eau, mélangées d’air et de vapeur. Pareil fait fut également observé le 23 juillet de la même année, dans les mers du Pacifique, par le Cristobal-Colon, de West India and Pacific steam navigation Company. Donc, ce cétacé extraordinaire pouvait se transporter d’un endroit à un autre avec une vélocité surprenante, puisque à trois jours d’intervalle, le Governor-Higginson et le Cristobal-Colon l’avaient observé en deux points de la carte séparés par une distance de plus de sept cents lieues marines. Quinze jours plus tard, à deux mille lieues de là, l’Helvetia, de la Compagnie Nationale, et le Shannon, du Royal-Mail, marchant à contrebord dans cette portion de l’Atlantique comprise entre les États-Unis et l’Europe, se signalèrent respectivement le monstre par 42° 15′ de latitude nord, et 60° 35′ de longitude à l’ouest du méridien de Greenwich. Dans cette observation simultanée, on crut pouvoir évaluer la longueur minimum du mammifère à plus de trois cent cinquante pieds anglais, puisque le Shannon et l’Helvetia étaient de dimension inférieure à lui, bien qu’ils mesurassent cent mètres de l’étrave à l’étambot. Or, les plus vastes baleines, celles qui fréquentent les parages des îles Aléoutiennes, le Kulammak et l’Umgullick, n’ont jamais dépassé la longueur de cinquante-six mètres, — si même elles l’atteignent. Ces rapports arrivés coup sur coup, de nouvelles observations faites à bord du transatlantique le Pereire, un abordage entre l’Etna, de la ligne Inman, et le monstre, un procès-verbal dressé par les officiers de la frégate française la Normandie, un très sérieux relèvement obtenu par l’état-major du commodore Fitz-James à bord du Lord-Clyde, émurent profondément l’opinion publique. Dans les pays d’humeur légère, on plaisanta le phénomène, mais les pays graves et pratiques, l’Angleterre, l’Amérique, l’Allemagne, s’en préoccupèrent vivement. Überall in den großen Verkehrsmittelpunkten kam das Ungeheuer in Schwung; man besang es in den Cafés, man verspottete es in den Journalen, man spielte es in den Theatern. Die Enten bekamen eine hübsche Gelegenheit, Eier in allen Farben zu legen. Die Journale gaben in Abbildungen alle riesenmäßige Phantasiebilder zum Besten, vom weißen Wal, dem erschrecklichen „Moby-Dick“ der Hyperboräer-Länder bis zum maßlosen Kraken, der mit seinen Fühlhörnern ein Fahrzeug von 500 Tonnen umwickeln und in den Abgrund des Ozeans hinabziehen kann. Man zitierte sogar Stellen aus dem Altertum, die Ansichten des Aristoteles und Plinius, welche für die Existenz solcher Ungeheuer sprachen, sodann die norwegischen Berichte des Bischofs Pontoppidan, die Erzählungen Paul Heggedes, und endlich die Berichte Harringtons, dessen Ehrlichkeit nicht anzufechten ist, wenn er behauptet, er habe an Bord des Castillan im Jahre 1857 diese enorme Schlange gesehen. Darauf begann eine unendliche Polemik der Gläubigen und Ungläubigen in den gelehrten Gesellschaften und den wissenschaftlichen Journalen. Die „Frage des Ungeheuers“ erhitzte alle Gemüter. Die Journalisten, welche wetteifernd mit den Schöngeistern die Wissenschaft vertraten, vergossen, verbrauchten in diesem merkwürdigen Feldzug tonnenweis Tinte; manche sogar etliche Tropfen Blut, denn von der Seeschlange gingen sie zu beleidigenden Persönlichkeiten über. Sechs Monate lang wurde der Krieg mit abwechselndem Erfolg geführt. Auf die gründlichen Artikel des Geographischen Instituts in Brasilien, der königl. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, der Britischen Gesellschaft, der Smithson’schen Anstalt zu Washington, auf die Erörterungen des Indian Archipelago, des Cosmos des Abbé Moigno, der Petermann’schen Mitteilungen, auf die wissenschaftliche Chronik der großen Journale entgegnete die kleine Presse mit unerschöpflicher Laune. Die geistreichen Schriftsteller parodirten ein von den Gegnern des Ungeheuers zitiertes Wort Linnés, indem sie behaupteten, „die Natur schaffe keine Dummköpfe“, und beschworen ihre Zeitgenossen, nicht die Natur Lügen zu strafen, indem sie die Existenz des Kraken, der Seeschlangen, des „Moby-Dick“ und andere Hirngespinste irrsinniger Seeleute gelten ließen. Endlich versetzte, in einem Artikel eines sehr gefürchteten satirischen Journals, der beliebteste seiner Redakteure, bei einem Überblick über das Ganze, dem Ungeheuer einen letzten Streich, und erlegte es inmitten allgemeinen hallenden Gelächters. Der Geist siegte über die Wissenschaft.

Оказалось, что это необыкновенное животное могло передвигаться с невероятной скоростью: за трое суток оно прошло более семисот морских миль, отделяющих пункты, на которых наблюдали его «Гаверн Хиггинсон» и «Кристобаль Колон». Пятнадцать дней спустя в двух тысячах лье от последнего пункта пароходы «Гельвеция», принадлежащий Национальной компании, и «Шанон», принадлежащий «Рояль-Мэйл», встретились в Атлантическом океане, между Америкой и Европой, и сигналами указали друг другу на морское чудовище, лежавшее на 45°152 северной широты и 60°352 долготы к западу от Гринвичского меридиана. При совместном наблюдении приблизительно рассчитали длину млекопитающего, по меньшей мере в триста пятьдесят английских футов. «Гельвеция» и «Шанон» казались гораздо меньше его, хотя оба имели по сто метров от форштевня до ахтерштевня. А самые громадные киты, которые попадались у Алеутских островов, и те были не более пятидесяти шести метров в длину. Эти известия поступили одно за другим; затем были сделаны новые наблюдения с борта трансатлантического корабля «Перейр»; потом произошло столкновение судна «Этна» с чудовищем; затем офицерами французского фрегата «Нормандия» был составлен акт о том, что они видели это огромное животное; очень обстоятельные сведения были доставлены с борта «Лорд Клейда» штабом коммодора Фитцджеймса. Все это чрезвычайно взволновало общественное мнение. В странах, легкомысленно настроенных, только подсмеивались и подшучивали над загадочным чудом, но в странах серьезных и практических — Англии, Америке, Германии — им были сильно озабочены. Во всех больших городах чудовище вошло в моду; о нем толковали в кофейнях, над ним потешались в газетах, его представляли в театрах. Газетные утки несли яйца всевозможных цветов. Все периодические издания за неимением точных и подлинных изображений принялись показывать разных фантастических гигантов, начиная от белого кита, страшного «Моби Дика» из Арктики, до чудовищных осьминогов, которые своими щупальцами могут опутать судно водоизмещением пятьдесят тонн и увлечь его в бездну океана. Дошло даже до того, что откопали древние рукописи и стали ссылаться на мнения Аристотеля и Плиния, которые допускали существование подобных чудовищ, на норвежские рассказы епископа Понтопидана, на описания Павла Геггеды и, наконец, на донесения Харрингтона, который утверждал, что в 1857 году, находясь на палубе «Кастиллана», он собственными глазами видел громадного змея, до того времени посещавшего только воды газеты «Конститьюшнл». Тут-то и загорелась нескончаемая полемика между учеными обществами и научными журналами — полемика верующих с неверующими. Вопрос о чудовище воспламенил все умы. Журналисты, серьезно относившиеся к науке и отстаивавшие ее, вступили в распрю с другими журналистами, которые отбивались остротами и каламбурами, и целые потоки чернил пролились в этой достопамятной кампании; некоторые даже поплатились двумя-тремя капельками крови, потому что из-за этой «морской змеи» противники нередко позволяли себе самые оскорбительные выходки. Война эта длилась с переменным успехом целые шесть месяцев. Бульварная пресса отвечала неистощимыми насмешками и на научные статьи Бразильского географического института, Берлинской королевской академии наук, Британской ассоциации, Вашингтонского Смитсоновского института, и на иронию «Индийского архипелага», и на рассуждения «Космоса» Аббата Муаньо, и на мнения «Вестей» Петермана, и на ученые заметки солидных французских и иностранных журналов. Остроумные журналисты, пародируя изречение Линнея, приведенное противниками чудовища, утверждали, что «природа не создает глупцов», и заклинали своих современников не убеждать мир в противном, допуская существование неправдоподобных морских чудовищ, осьминогов, змей, различных «моби диков» и прочих бредней полупомешанных моряков. Наконец в одном очень популярном сатирическом журнале главный редактор, любимец публики, ринулся на морское чудо, как новый Ипполит, и нанес ему последний юмористический удар при взрывах всеобщего хохота. Остроумие победило науку. Οι αναφορές που είχαν καταγραφεί στα ημερολόγια διάφορων πλοίων σχετικά μ’ αυτή την παρουσία, συμφωνούσαν με αρκετή ακρίβεια στην εξωτερική περιγραφή του εν λόγω αντικειμένου ή όντος, στην απίθανη ταχύτητα των κινήσεών του, στην εκπληκτική μηχανική ισχύ του, στην ιδιότυπη ζωή με την οποία φαινόταν προικισμένο. Αν ήταν κήτος, ξεπερνούσε σε όγκο όλα τα κήτη που ήταν ως τότε γνωστά στην επιστήμη. Ούτε ο Κυβιέ ούτε ο Λασεπέντ ούτε ο Ντυμερίλ ούτε ο Κατρφάζ θα παραδέχονταν την ύπαρξη ενός τέτοιου τέρατος – εκτός βέβαια αν το έβλεπαν με τα ίδια τους τα σοφά μάτια. Πράγματι, στις 20 Ιουλίου 1866 το ατμόπλοιο Κυβερνήτης Χίγκινσον της Ατμοπλοϊκής Εταιρείας Καλκούττας και Μπουρνάχ είχε συναντήσει αυτό τον κινούμενο όγκο πέντε μίλια ανατολικά από τις ακτές της Αυστραλίας. Ο πλοίαρχος Μπέικερ νόμισε στην αρχή ότι αντίκριζε έναν άγνωστο σκόπελο· ήταν μάλιστα έτοιμος να προσδιορίσει την ακριβή του θέση, όταν δυο πίδακες νερού εκτοξεύτηκαν σφυρίζοντας από το μυστηριώδες αντικείμενο στον αέρα, σε ύψος εκατόν πενήντα ποδιών. Άρα, εκτός αν ο συγκεκριμένος σκόπελος υπόκειντο στις σποραδικές εκρήξεις κάποιου θερμοπίδακα, το Κυβερνήτης Χίγκινσον είχε στ’ αλήθεια συναντήσει κάποιο θαλάσσιο θηλαστικό, άγνωστο ως τότε, που εξακόντιζε από τους φυσητήρες του πίδακες νερού αναμεμειγμέ- νου με αέρα και ατμό. พ.ศ. 2409 ได้ถูกจารึกไว้ด้วยเหตุการณ์อันน่าพิศวงอย่างยิ่ง เหตุการณ์ลึกลับและไม่อาจอธิบายได้นั้น ซึ่งไม่ต้องสงสัยเลยว่ายังไม่มีผู้ใดลืมเลือนไปได้ ไม่เพียงแต่ข่าวลือที่ทำให้ผู้คนในวงการเดินเรือปั่นป่วน และกระตุ้นความสนใจของสาธารณชน แม้กระทั่งในดินแดนภายในทวีปเท่านั้น บรรดาพ่อค้า เจ้าของเรือ กัปตันเรือเดินทะเล สกิปเปอร์ และมาสเตอร์ ทั้งในยุโรปและอเมริกา นายทหารเรือของกองทัพเรือจากทุกประเทศ และท้ายที่สุดคือรัฐบาลของรัฐที่ทรงอิทธิพลในทั้งสองทวีป ต่างก็ให้ความสำคัญต่อเหตุการณ์เหล่านี้อย่างยิ่งมาเป็นระยะเวลาหนึ่งแล้ว โดยมีเรือหลายลำในทะเลหลวงรายงานว่าได้เผชิญหน้ากับ “บางสิ่งขนาดมหึมา” วัตถุยาวเรียวคล้ายกระสวย ซึ่งบางครั้งเรืองแสงเป็นประกายฟอสฟอเรสเซนต์ และมีขนาดใหญ่กว่าและรวดเร็วกว่าวาฬอย่างมาก

Information

25% of all designer royalties will be donated to preserving the rainforest and to implementing large-scale reforestation projects.

Release 2020 · Update 2025

2 Subfamilies

Christoph Koeberlin

Designer(s)

Team & Details

Technology, Licenses & Trademarks

Christoph Koeberlin

Website

A Berliner by choice, Christoph Koeberlin, is one of the most sought-after font engineers in Europe. Foundries such as FontFont, Swiss Typefaces, TypeBy, Miles Newlyn, TypeMates and Grilli Type and brands such as Ebay, TikTok, ZDF, Volkswagen, the German government, Deutsche Bank, DFB, Porsche, MAN, Twitter, Decathlon, Pinterest, Figma, Telekom and Lufthansa put their trust in him. What’s more, the Fontwerk engineering team would be unimaginable without his instrumental help in the early days. The list would be even more star-studded if it weren’t for numerous non-disclosure agreements.

Yet it is not just his technical know-how that Christoph is renowned for. His creative work is proof of his keen instinct for what makes a stand-out and highly sought-after corporate typeface. In addition to FF Mark, which he designed in partnership with Hannes von Döhren and the FontFont Type Department back in 2013, Christoph is also the designer behind Fabrikat (released by HVD Fonts 2016) and Pangea (published by Fontwerk 2020). All three of these typefaces became bestsellers within a very short space of time. He was also significantly involved in major custom font projects for Mercedes-Benz, Liebherr, Hyundai, Lonely Planet and SFMOMA. This makes him one of the best typeface designers of our time. Yet Christoph remains modest and down-to-earth in an almost Keanu Reeves-esque manner with philanthropic ideas and actions such as the permanent donation of part of his Pangea royalties to help conserve the rainforest. With his latest work, Tausend, together with Gabriel Richter he is writing the next chapter. It too has what it takes to be the next big thing.

At this point, any other CV would already be impressive and full to the brim, yet Christoph has another trick up his sleeve, his passion project sportsfonts.com. Under this umbrella, he designs retail and exclusive fonts for sports clubs and brands such as FSV Mainz 05, FC St. Pauli, Werder Bremen, Schalke 04 and (his) 1. FC Kaiserslautern. Their fans are just as enthusiastic about it as the specialist audience, as documented by awards such as the ADC 2025 Grand Prix Design Award (!), the iF Design Award and German Brand Award.

Christoph Koeberlin is a multi-talented, exceptional designer who can fill many positions – always at a world-class level.

More about Christoph

Fonts on Fontwerk

Pangea Collection

Tausend Collection

Design Contributions

Azza Alameddine Design Arabic

Yanek Iontef Design Hebrew

Daniel Grumer Design Hebrew

Boom Promphan Suksumek Design Thai

Gergő Kókai

Tanya George Co-Design Italics

Gabriel Richter Co-Design Italics

Andreas Frohloff

Ilya Ruderman Cyrillic consultancy

Irene Vlachou Greek consultancy

Donny Trương Vietnamese Consultancy

Paul Hanslow African Latin consultancy

Amir Mahdi Moslehi Farsi Consultancy

Mastering, Production

Christoph Koeberlin
Olli Meier
Andreas Frohloff
Igino Marini Spacing/Kerning

Marketing

Christoph Koeberlin Naming
Ivo Gabrowitsch Copywriting, Specimen
Tobias Anderssohn Motion Design, Imagery
Anja Knust Artwork, Imagery 
Fungi Dube Artwork, Imagery (Afrikan)
Azza Alameddine Artwork (Arabic)
Yanek Iontef Artwork (Hebrew)
Olli Meier Artwork (Arabic, Hebrew), Specimen
Nik Stohn Motion Design (Italics)
Lucy Beckley English Translation

Design Period

2016–2025

Release History

Version 1.00: July 20, 2020

Version 1.002 (Version 2.00 for Variable Fonts): March 9, 2021 Italics

Version 1.003: December 20, 2021 African Latin

Version 1.003 (forgot to count on): December 20, 2022 Arabic (Upright), Hebrew

Version 3.00: June 18, 2024 Condensed (except for Arabic and Hebrew); Variable Fonts: optical size axis replaces 4 other axes, web font subsets, minor changes

Version 3.01; May 13, 2025 Farsi (Persian)

Version 3.02; Dec 19, 2025 Thai

Awards

Joseph Binder Award 2022 Distinction

Recommended Use

Advertising & Packaging
Editorial & Publishing
Poster & Billboards
Responsive Design
Logo & Corporate Identity

Formats

Static .otf, .woff2
Variable .ttf, .woff2

Additional formats on request

Licenses

Trial Free test license
Base Includes Desktop, Web and Social Media use
Extended Larger volume, App or Logo

Additional licenses on request

Modifications, Extensions

Available on request

Variable Fonts

Included in the Collection package

4 axes: weight, width, italic, optical size extenders, openness of shapes, spacing, ink traps, Looped/Loopless (Thai)

Web file sizes .woff2: 808 KB all languages, 303 KB Complete Latin, 120 KB Basic European Latin, 179 KB Cyrillic, 154 KB Greek, 75 KB Arabic, 84 KB Hebrew, 57KB Thai

Trademarks

Pangea® is a registered trademark of Fontwerk GmbH

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Languages

A	Abaza Abidji Abron Abron Abua Acheron Acheron Achinese Achinese Acholi Achuar-Shiwiar Achuar-Shiwiar Adamawa Fulfulde Adamawa Fulfulde Adangme Adangme Adele Adyghe Afar Afar Afrikaans Afrikaans Aghem Aghem Aghul Agni Aguaruna Aguaruna Ahanta Ahtna Aja (Benin) Aja (Benin) Akebu Akoose Alekano Aleut Algerian Arabic Alonquin Alutiiq Amahuaca Amahuaca Amarakaeri Amarakaeri Amis Amis Anaang Andaandi Andaandi, Dongolawi Angas Anii Anii Anufo Anuta Anuta Ao Naga Apinayé Arabela Arabela Aragonese Aragonese Arbëreshë Albanian Arbëreshë Albanian Archi Asháninka Asháninka Ashéninka Perené Ashéninka Perené Asturian Asturian Asu (Tanzania) Atayal Atayal Avaric Avatime Awa-Cuaiquer Awa-Cuaiquer Awetí Awing Ayizo Gbe
B	Baatonum Baatonum Bafia Bafia Bagirmi Fulfulde Bagirmi Fulfulde Baharna Arabic Balante-Ganja Balinese Balinese Balkan Romani Bambara Bambara Banjar Baoulé Baoulé Bari Bari Basa (Cameroon) Basa (Cameroon) Bashkir Basque Basque Bassari Batak Dairi Batak Dairi Batak Karo Batak Karo Batak Mandailing Batak Mandailing Batak Simalungun Batak Simalungun Batak Toba Batak Toba Belarusian Bemba (Zambia) Bemba (Zambia) Bena (Tanzania) Bena (Tanzania) Bezhta Biali Biali Bikol Bikol Bini Bini Bislama Bislama Bissa Boko (Benin) Boko (Benin) Bomu Bora Bora Borana-Arsi-Guji Oromo Borana-Arsi-Guji Oromo Borgu Fulfulde Borgu Fulfulde Bosnian Bouna Kulango Breton Breton Buamu Budukh Buginese Bulgarian Bushi Bushi
C	Candoshi-Shapra Candoshi-Shapra Caquinte Caquinte Caribbean Hindustani Caribbean Hindustani Cashibo-Cacataibo Cashibo-Cacataibo Cashinahua Cashinahua Catalan Cebuano Cebuano Central Alaskan Yupik Central Alaskan Yupik Central Atlas Tamazight Central Atlas Tamazight Central Aymara Central Aymara Central Kurdish Central Mazahua Central Mazahua Central Nahuatl Central-Eastern Niger Fulfulde Central-Eastern Niger Fulfulde Cerma Chachi Chachi Chamalal Chamorro Chavacano Chavacano Chayahuita Chayahuita Chechen Chickasaw Chickasaw Chiga Chiga Chiltepec Chinantec Chiltepec Chinantec Chinese Buriat Chokwe Chokwe Chuukese Chuukese Chuvash Cimbrian Cofán Cofán Comox Congo Swahili Cook Islands Māori Cook Islands Māori Cornish Cornish Corsican Corsican Creek Creek Crimean Tatar Crimean Tatar Croatian Czech
D	Dagbani Dagbani Danish Dargwa Dari Dehu Dehu Dendi (Benin) Dido Dimli Dinka Dinka Ditammari Dogri (individual language) Dongolawi Duala Duala Dungan Dutch Dyan Dyula Dyula
E	Eastern Abnaki Eastern Arrernte Eastern Arrernte Eastern Maninkakan Eastern Maninkakan Eastern Mari Eastern Oromo Eastern Oromo Eastern Yiddish Efik Egyptian Arabic Embu English Erzya Ese Ejja Ewe Ewe Ewondo Ewondo
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H	Haitian Haitian Hakha Chin Halh Mongolian Halkomelem Hani Hani Hassaniyya Hausa Hausa Hawaiian Hawaiian Hebrew Hiligaynon Hiligaynon Hopi Hopi Huastec Huastec Hungarian Hän Hän
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J	Jamaican Creole English Jamaican Creole English Japanese Japanese Javanese Javanese Jenaama Bozo Jola-Fonyi Jola-Fonyi Judeo-Tat
K	Kabardian Kabiyè Kabiyè Kabuverdianu Kabuverdianu Kabyle Kabyle Kaingang Kaingang Kako Kako Kala Lagaw Ya Kalaallisut Kalaallisut Kalenjin Kalenjin Kalmyk Kamba (Kenya) Kamba (Kenya) Kanuri Kanuri Kaonde Kaonde Kaqchikel Kaqchikel Kara-Kalpak Karachay-Balkar Karaim Karata Karelian Karelian Kasem Kasem Kashubian Kazakh Kekchí Kekchí Kenzi Kenzi, Mattokki Khasi Khasi Khinalugh Khoekhoe Khoekhoe Kikuyu Kikuyu Kimbundu Kimbundu Kinyarwanda Kinyarwanda Kirghiz Kirmanjki Kituba (DRC) Kituba (DRC) Kom (Cameroon) Komi-Permyak Kongo Kongo Konzo Konzo Koonzime Koyra Chiini Songhay Koyraboro Senni Songhai Koyraboro Senni Songhai Krio Krio Krymchak Kuanyama Kumyk Kusaal Kven Finnish Kwak’wala Kwasio Kölsch K’iche’ K’iche’
L	Ladin Ladino Ladino Lak Lakota Lakota Lama Lamnso’ Lamnso’ Langi Langi Latgalian Latin Lezghian Libyan Arabic Ligurian Lingala Lingala Lithuanian Lobi Lobi Lombard Lombard Low German Lower Sorbian Lozi Lozi Luba-Katanga Luba-Lulua Luba-Lulua Lukpa Lukpa Lule Sami Luo (Kenya and Tanzania) Luo (Kenya and Tanzania) Luxembourgish Lyele Láá Láá Bwamu
M	Maasina Fulfulde Maasina Fulfulde Macedo-Romanian Macedonian Madurese Madurese Makhuwa Makhuwa-Meetto Makonde Makonde Makwe Malagasy Malagasy Malaysian Malaysian Malba Birifor Maltese Mam Mam Mamara Senoufo Mandinka Mandjak Mankanya Manx Manx Maore Comorian Maore Comorian Maori Maori Mapudungun Mapudungun Marshallese Marshallese Masai Masai Masana Matsés Matsés Mattokki Mauritian Creole Mauritian Creole Mbelime Medumba Megleno Romanian Mende (Sierra Leone) Mende (Sierra Leone) Meriam Mir Meriam Mir Meru Meru Meta’ Metlatónoc Mixtec Metlatónoc Mixtec Mezquital Otomi Mezquital Otomi Minangkabau Minangkabau Mirandese Mirandese Miyobe Miyobe Mizo Mizo Mi’kmaq Mi’kmaq Moba Modern Greek Mohawk Mohawk Moksha Mongolian Buriat Montagnais Montagnais Montenegrin Montenegrin Moroccan Arabic Mossi Mossi Mundang Mundang Munsee Murrinh-Patha Murrinh-Patha Murui Huitoto Murui Huitoto Muslim Tat Muslim Tat Mwani Mwani Ménik Mískito Mískito
N	Naga Pidgin Naga Pidgin Nateni Nateni Navajo Navajo Nawdm Ndonga Ndonga Ndrulo Neapolitan Neapolitan Ngazidja Comorian Ngazidja Comorian Ngiemboon Ngiemboon Ngomba Ngomba Nigerian Fulfulde Nigerian Fulfulde Niuean Niuean Nobiin Nobiin Nogai Nomatsiguenga Nomatsiguenga Noon North Azerbaijani North Azerbaijani North Marquesan North Marquesan North Mesopotamian Arabic North Ndebele North Ndebele Northeastern Dinka Northeastern Dinka Northern Bobo Madaré Northern Dagara Northern Kissi Northern Kissi Northern Kurdish Northern Kurdish Northern Pashto Northern Qiandong Miao Northern Qiandong Miao Northern Sami Northern Uzbek Northern Uzbek Norwegian Nuer Nuer Nuuchahnulth Nyamwezi Nyamwezi Nyanja Nyanja Nyankole Nyankole Nyemba Nyemba Nzima Nzima
O	Occitan Occitan Ojitlán Chinantec Ojitlán Chinantec Old Prussian Omaha-Ponca Orma Orma Oroqen Oroqen Ossetian Otuho Otuho
P	Palauan Palauan Paluan Pampanga Pampanga Papantla Totonac Papantla Totonac Papiamento Papiamento Paraguayan Guaraní Paraguayan Guaraní Pedi Pedi Phuie Picard Pichis Ashéninka Pichis Ashéninka Piemontese Piemontese Pijin Pijin Pintupi-Luritja Pintupi-Luritja Pipil Pipil Pite Sami Pohnpeian Pohnpeian Polish Pontic Greek Pontic Greek Pontic Greek Portuguese Potawatomi Potawatomi Pulaar Pulaar Pular Pular Purepecha Purepecha Páez Páez
Q	Qashqa’i Quechua Quechua
R	Romanian Romansh Romansh Rotokas Rotokas Rundi Rundi Russian Russian Buriat Rusyn Rutul Rwa
S	Saafi-Saafi Saidi Arabic Samburu Samoan Samoan Sanaani Arabic Sango Sango Sangu (Tanzania) Sangu (Tanzania) Saramaccan Saramaccan Sardinian Sardinian Saxwe Gbe Scots Scots Scottish Gaelic Scottish Gaelic Secoya Secoya Sena Sena Serbian Serbian Serer Serer Seri Seri Seselwa Creole French Seselwa Creole French Shambala Sharanahua Sharanahua Shawnee Shawnee Shilluk Shilluk Shipibo-Conibo Shipibo-Conibo Shona Shona Shor Shuar Shuar Shughni Sicilian Sicilian Silesian Siona Siona Sissala Skolt Sami Slovak Slovenian Soga Soga Somali Somali Soninke Soninke South Azerbaijani South Marquesan South Marquesan South Ndebele South Ndebele Southern Altai Southern Aymara Southern Aymara Southern Bobo Madaré Southern Dagaare Southern Dagaare Southern Nuni Southern Qiandong Miao Southern Qiandong Miao Southern Sami Southern Samo Southern Sotho Southern Sotho Spanish Squamish Sranan Tongo Sranan Tongo Standard Arabic Standard Estonian Standard Estonian Standard Latvian Standard Malay Standard Malay Sukuma Sukuma Sundanese Sundanese Susu Susu Swahili Swahili Swati Swedish Swiss German Syenara Senoufo
T	Tabassaran Tachelhit Tachelhit Tagalog Tagalog Tahitian Tahitian Taita Tajik Talysh Talysh Tasawaq Tatar Tawallammat Tamajaq Ta’izzi-Adeni Arabic Tedim Chin Tedim Chin Tem Tem Teso Teso Tetum Tetum Tetun Dili Tetun Dili Thai Thompson Ticuna Ticuna Tigon Mbembe Tikar Timne Timne Tiv Tiéyaxo Bozo Tlingit Toba Toba Tojolabal Tojolabal Tok Pisin Tok Pisin Tokelau Tokelau Toma Tonga (Tonga Islands) Tonga (Tonga Islands) Tonga (Zambia) Tonga (Zambia) Tosk Albanian Tosk Albanian Totontepec Mixe Tsafiki Tsafiki Tsakhur Tsakhur Tsonga Tswana Tumbuka Tumbuka Tunisian Arabic Turka Turkish Turkmen Tuvalu Tuvalu Tuvinian Twi Twi Tzeltal Tzeltal Tzotzil Tzotzil
U	Uab Meto Uab Meto Udi Udmurt Ukrainian Umbundu Umbundu Ume Sami Upper Guinea Crioulo Upper Guinea Crioulo Upper Sorbian Urarina Urarina Urdu Urum
V	Venda Venda Venetian Venetian Veps Veps Vietnamese Vlax Romani Võro Võro
W	Waama Waci Gbe Waci Gbe Wallisian Wallisian Walloon Walser Walser Wamey Wangaaybuwan-Ngiyambaa Waorani Waray (Philippines) Waray (Philippines) Warlpiri Warlpiri Wasa Wasa Wayuu Wayuu Welsh West Central Oromo West Central Oromo West-Central Limba West-Central Limba Western Abnaki Western Abnaki Western Frisian Western Frisian Western Mari Western Niger Fulfulde Western Niger Fulfulde Western Yiddish Wik-Mungkan Winyé Wiradjuri Wiradjuri Wolof Wolof
X	Xavánte Xhosa Xhosa Xwela Gbe Xwela Gbe
Y	Yagnobi Yagua Yagua Yanesha’ Yanesha’ Yangben Yanomamö Yao Yao Yapese Yindjibarndi Yom Yom Yoruba Yoruba Yucateco Yucateco
Z	Zapotec Zapotec Zarma Zarma Zulu Zulu Zuni Zuni Záparo Záparo

A	Abidji Abron Abua Acheron Achinese Acholi Achuar-Shiwiar Adamawa Fulfulde Adangme Adele Afar Afrikaans Aghem Agni Aguaruna Ahanta Ahtna Aja (Benin) Akebu Akoose Alekano Aleut Alonquin Alutiiq Amahuaca Amarakaeri Amis Anaang Andaandi, Dongolawi Angas Anii Anufo Anuta Arabela Aragonese Arbëreshë Albanian Asháninka Ashéninka Perené Asturian Atayal Avatime Awa-Cuaiquer Awing Ayizo Gbe
B	Baatonum Bafia Bagirmi Fulfulde Balante-Ganja Balinese Balkan Romani Bambara Banjar Baoulé Bari Basa (Cameroon) Basque Bassari Batak Dairi Batak Karo Batak Mandailing Batak Simalungun Batak Toba Bemba (Zambia) Bena (Tanzania) Biali Bikol Bini Bislama Bissa Boko (Benin) Bomu Bora Borana-Arsi-Guji Oromo Borgu Fulfulde Bosnian Breton Buamu Buginese Bushi
C	Candoshi-Shapra Caquinte Caribbean Hindustani Cashibo-Cacataibo Cashinahua Catalan Cebuano Central Alaskan Yupik Central Atlas Tamazight Central Aymara Central Kurdish Central Mazahua Central Nahuatl Central-Eastern Niger Fulfulde Cerma Chachi Chamorro Chavacano Chayahuita Chickasaw Chiga Chiltepec Chinantec Chokwe Chuukese Cimbrian Cofán Comox Cook Islands Māori Cornish Corsican Creek Crimean Tatar Croatian Czech
D	Dagbani Danish Dehu Dimli Dinka Duala Dutch Dyan Dyula
E	Eastern Arrernte Eastern Maninkakan Eastern Oromo Efik English Ewe Ewondo
F	Fanti Farefare Faroese Fe’Fe’ Fijian Filipino Finnish Fon Foodo French Friulian
G	Ga Gagauz Galician Ganda Garifuna Gen German Gheg Albanian Gilbertese Gonja Gooniyandi Gourmanchéma Guadeloupean Creole French Guinea Kpelle Gusii Gwichʼin
H	Haitian Halkomelem Hani Hassaniyya Hausa Hawaiian Hiligaynon Hopi Huastec Hungarian Hän
I	Ibibio Icelandic Idoma Ifè Igbo Iloko Inari Sami Indonesian Irish Istro Romanian Italian Ixcatlán Mazatec
J	Jamaican Creole English Japanese Javanese Jenaama Bozo Jola-Fonyi
K	Kabiyè Kabuverdianu Kabyle Kaingang Kako Kala Lagaw Ya Kalaallisut Kalenjin Kamba (Kenya) Kanuri Kaonde Kaqchikel Kara-Kalpak Karelian Kasem Kashubian Kekchí Kenzi, Mattokki Khasi Khoekhoe Kikuyu Kimbundu Kinyarwanda Kirmanjki Kituba (DRC) Kom (Cameroon) Kongo Konzo Koonzime Koyraboro Senni Songhai Krio Kusaal Kven Finnish Kwak’wala Kölsch K’iche’
L	Ladin Ladino Lakota Lama Lamnso’ Langi Latgalian Lingala Lithuanian Lobi Lombard Low German Lower Sorbian Lozi Luba-Lulua Lukpa Lule Sami Luo (Kenya and Tanzania) Luxembourgish Lyele Láá Láá Bwamu
M	Maasina Fulfulde Macedo-Romanian Madurese Makonde Malagasy Malaysian Malba Birifor Maltese Mam Mamara Senoufo Mandinka Mandjak Mankanya Manx Maore Comorian Maori Mapudungun Marshallese Masai Masana Matsés Mauritian Creole Medumba Megleno Romanian Mende (Sierra Leone) Meriam Mir Meru Metlatónoc Mixtec Mezquital Otomi Minangkabau Mirandese Miyobe Mizo Mi’kmaq Mohawk Montagnais Montenegrin Mossi Mundang Munsee Murrinh-Patha Murui Huitoto Muslim Tat Mwani Ménik Mískito
N	Naga Pidgin Nateni Navajo Nawdm Ndonga Ndrulo Neapolitan Ngazidja Comorian Ngiemboon Ngomba Nigerian Fulfulde Niuean Nobiin Nomatsiguenga Noon North Azerbaijani North Marquesan North Ndebele Northeastern Dinka Northern Bobo Madaré Northern Dagara Northern Kissi Northern Kurdish Northern Qiandong Miao Northern Sami Northern Uzbek Norwegian Nuer Nuuchahnulth Nyamwezi Nyanja Nyankole Nyemba Nzima
O	Occitan Ojitlán Chinantec Old Prussian Omaha-Ponca Orma Oroqen Otuho
P	Palauan Pampanga Papantla Totonac Papiamento Paraguayan Guaraní Pedi Phuie Picard Pichis Ashéninka Piemontese Pijin Pintupi-Luritja Pipil Pite Sami Pohnpeian Polish Pontic Greek Portuguese Potawatomi Pulaar Pular Purepecha Páez
Q	Quechua
R	Romanian Romansh Rotokas Rundi
S	Saafi-Saafi Samoan Sango Sangu (Tanzania) Saramaccan Sardinian Saxwe Gbe Scots Scottish Gaelic Secoya Sena Serbian Serer Seri Seselwa Creole French Sharanahua Shawnee Shilluk Shipibo-Conibo Shona Shuar Sicilian Silesian Siona Sissala Skolt Sami Slovak Slovenian Soga Somali Soninke South Azerbaijani South Marquesan South Ndebele Southern Aymara Southern Bobo Madaré Southern Dagaare Southern Nuni Southern Qiandong Miao Southern Sami Southern Samo Southern Sotho Spanish Squamish Sranan Tongo Standard Estonian Standard Latvian Standard Malay Sukuma Sundanese Susu Swahili Swedish Swiss German Syenara Senoufo
T	Tachelhit Tagalog Tahitian Talysh Tawallammat Tamajaq Tedim Chin Tem Teso Tetum Tetun Dili Thompson Ticuna Tigon Mbembe Tikar Timne Tiéyaxo Bozo Tlingit Toba Tojolabal Tok Pisin Tokelau Toma Tonga (Tonga Islands) Tonga (Zambia) Tosk Albanian Tsafiki Tsakhur Tumbuka Turka Turkish Turkmen Tuvalu Twi Tzeltal Tzotzil
U	Uab Meto Umbundu Ume Sami Upper Guinea Crioulo Upper Sorbian Urarina
V	Venda Venetian Veps Vietnamese Vlax Romani Võro
W	Waci Gbe Wallisian Walloon Walser Wamey Waray (Philippines) Warlpiri Wasa Wayuu Welsh West Central Oromo West-Central Limba Western Abnaki Western Frisian Western Niger Fulfulde Winyé Wiradjuri Wolof
X	Xhosa Xwela Gbe
Y	Yagua Yanesha’ Yao Yom Yoruba Yucateco
Z	Zapotec Zarma Zulu Zuni Záparo

M	Modern Greek
P	Pontic Greek

A	Abaza Adyghe Aghul Archi Avaric
B	Bashkir Belarusian Bezhta Budukh Bulgarian
C	Chamalal Chechen Chinese Buriat Chuvash Crimean Tatar
D	Dargwa Dido Dungan
E	Eastern Mari Erzya
H	Halh Mongolian
I	Ingush
J	Judeo-Tat
K	Kabardian Kalmyk Karachay-Balkar Karaim Karata Kazakh Khinalugh Kirghiz Komi-Permyak Krymchak Kumyk
L	Lak Lezghian
M	Macedonian Moksha Mongolian Buriat Montenegrin Muslim Tat
N	Nogai North Azerbaijani Northern Kurdish
O	Ossetian
P	Pontic Greek
R	Russian Russian Buriat Rusyn Rutul
S	Serbian Shor Shughni Southern Altai
T	Tabassaran Tajik Tatar Tsakhur Tuvinian
U	Udi Udmurt Ukrainian Urum
W	Western Mari
Y	Yagnobi

A	Abron Acheron Achinese Achuar-Shiwiar Adamawa Fulfulde Adangme Afar Afrikaans Aghem Aguaruna Aja (Benin) Amahuaca Amarakaeri Amis Andaandi Anii Anuta Ao Naga Apinayé Arabela Aragonese Arbëreshë Albanian Asháninka Ashéninka Perené Asturian Asu (Tanzania) Atayal Awa-Cuaiquer Awetí
B	Baatonum Bafia Bagirmi Fulfulde Balinese Bambara Baoulé Bari Basa (Cameroon) Basque Batak Dairi Batak Karo Batak Mandailing Batak Simalungun Batak Toba Bemba (Zambia) Bena (Tanzania) Biali Bikol Bini Bislama Boko (Benin) Bora Borana-Arsi-Guji Oromo Borgu Fulfulde Bouna Kulango Breton Bushi
C	Candoshi-Shapra Caquinte Caribbean Hindustani Cashibo-Cacataibo Cashinahua Cebuano Central Alaskan Yupik Central Atlas Tamazight Central Aymara Central Mazahua Central-Eastern Niger Fulfulde Chachi Chavacano Chayahuita Chickasaw Chiga Chiltepec Chinantec Chokwe Chuukese Cofán Congo Swahili Cook Islands Māori Cornish Corsican Creek
D	Dagbani Dehu Dendi (Benin) Dinka Ditammari Dongolawi Duala Dyula
E	Eastern Abnaki Eastern Arrernte Eastern Maninkakan Eastern Oromo Embu Ese Ejja Ewe Ewondo
F	Falam Chin Fanti Fijian Filipino Fon Foodo Friulian
G	Ga Galician Ganda Garifuna Ga’anda Gen Gheg Albanian Gilbertese Gonja Guadeloupean Creole French Guinea Kpelle Gusii Gwichʼin
H	Haitian Hakha Chin Hani Hausa Hawaiian Hiligaynon Hopi Huastec Hän
I	Ibibio Igbo Iloko Indonesian Ixcatlán Mazatec
J	Jamaican Creole English Japanese Javanese Jola-Fonyi
K	Kabiyè Kabuverdianu Kabyle Kaingang Kako Kalaallisut Kalenjin Kamba (Kenya) Kanuri Kaonde Kaqchikel Karelian Kasem Kekchí Kenzi Khasi Khoekhoe Kikuyu Kimbundu Kinyarwanda Kituba (DRC) Kongo Konzo Koyra Chiini Songhay Koyraboro Senni Songhai Krio Kuanyama Kwasio K’iche’
L	Ladino Lakota Lamnso’ Langi Latin Ligurian Lingala Lobi Lombard Lozi Luba-Katanga Luba-Lulua Lukpa Luo (Kenya and Tanzania)
M	Maasina Fulfulde Madurese Makhuwa Makhuwa-Meetto Makonde Makwe Malagasy Malaysian Mam Manx Maore Comorian Maori Mapudungun Marshallese Masai Matsés Mattokki Mauritian Creole Mbelime Mende (Sierra Leone) Meriam Mir Meru Meta’ Metlatónoc Mixtec Mezquital Otomi Minangkabau Mirandese Miyobe Mizo Mi’kmaq Moba Mohawk Montagnais Mossi Mundang Murrinh-Patha Murui Huitoto Mwani Mískito
N	Naga Pidgin Nateni Navajo Ndonga Neapolitan Ngazidja Comorian Ngiemboon Ngomba Nigerian Fulfulde Niuean Nobiin Nomatsiguenga North Marquesan North Ndebele Northeastern Dinka Northern Kissi Northern Qiandong Miao Northern Uzbek Nuer Nyamwezi Nyanja Nyankole Nyemba Nzima
O	Occitan Ojitlán Chinantec Orma Oroqen Otuho
P	Palauan Paluan Pampanga Papantla Totonac Papiamento Paraguayan Guaraní Pedi Pichis Ashéninka Piemontese Pijin Pintupi-Luritja Pipil Pohnpeian Potawatomi Pulaar Pular Purepecha Páez
Q	Quechua
R	Romansh Rotokas Rundi Rwa
S	Samburu Samoan Sango Sangu (Tanzania) Saramaccan Sardinian Scots Scottish Gaelic Secoya Sena Serer Seri Seselwa Creole French Shambala Sharanahua Shawnee Shilluk Shipibo-Conibo Shona Shuar Sicilian Siona Soga Somali Soninke South Marquesan South Ndebele Southern Aymara Southern Dagaare Southern Qiandong Miao Southern Sotho Sranan Tongo Standard Estonian Standard Malay Sukuma Sundanese Susu Swahili Swati
T	Tachelhit Tagalog Tahitian Taita Tasawaq Tedim Chin Tem Teso Tetum Tetun Dili Ticuna Timne Tiv Toba Tojolabal Tok Pisin Tokelau Tonga (Tonga Islands) Tonga (Zambia) Tosk Albanian Totontepec Mixe Tsafiki Tsonga Tswana Tumbuka Tuvalu Twi Tzeltal Tzotzil
U	Uab Meto Umbundu Upper Guinea Crioulo Urarina
V	Venda Venetian Veps Võro
W	Waama Waci Gbe Wallisian Walser Wangaaybuwan-Ngiyambaa Waorani Waray (Philippines) Warlpiri Wasa Wayuu West Central Oromo West-Central Limba Western Abnaki Western Frisian Western Niger Fulfulde Wik-Mungkan Wiradjuri Wolof
X	Xavánte Xhosa Xwela Gbe
Y	Yagua Yanesha’ Yangben Yanomamö Yao Yapese Yindjibarndi Yom Yoruba Yucateco
Z	Zapotec Zarma Zulu Zuni Záparo

E	Eastern Yiddish
H	Hebrew
W	Western Yiddish

A	Algerian Arabic
B	Baharna Arabic
D	Dari Dogri (individual language)
E	Egyptian Arabic
G	Gulf Arabic
I	Inku Iranian Persian Iraqi Arabic
L	Libyan Arabic
M	Moroccan Arabic
N	North Mesopotamian Arabic Northern Pashto
Q	Qashqa’i
S	Saidi Arabic Sanaani Arabic Standard Arabic
T	Talysh Ta’izzi-Adeni Arabic Tunisian Arabic
U	Urdu

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