March 1933 German election
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Q&A
Last election of Weimar Republic
The last real election was December 1932 where NSDAP’s vote share when down from the election months earlier. Even at their electoral peak of 37% it wasn’t much better than their Presidential election performance.
When Hitler came to power in Jan 33’ NSDAP had control of the police and used them to harass political opposition and even then they didn’t secure a majority, getting only 43% of the vote
^ this. Hitler’s cabinet had direct control of the Prussian police following the federal government’s takeover of the Prussian gov in 1932. They also started employing Nazi paramilitary members as police auxiliary forces before and during the election.
Minor nitpick: you called it the Nazi party when it's a weimer Republic election map, and the other names are accurate to the ballot. In 1933 (or actually pretty much the entire history of the Nazi party), Germans never referred to it as the Nazi party as they thought it was an insult. To anyone in Germany who voted in this election it would have been known as the NSDAP (National Socialist Workers Party of Germany), or simply the National Socialist party.
That being said I get why you called it that since everyone calls it the Nazi party nowadays. But that wasn't what would have been on the ballot or to anyone in Germany at the time.
Germans who wanted to insult the Nazi party freely called them “Nazis”. That was a large group during the Weimar Republic era (read German newspapers and election posters from the era). Anti-Nazi parties (SPD, KPD, and Zentrum) constituted a larger share of the electorate until the very end of free elections but their inability to cooperate as a united opposition allowed the Nazis and their allies to outmaneuver them and outlaw political opposition.
Public use of the term dropped off after that (arresting and executing political opponents has a chilling effect on political speech), but it was no doubt still being used in private by those in Germany who disliked the government or became frustrated with the course of the war.
True I guess I should clarify that "Nazi" was meant to be used as an insult of the party at that time. So some Germans did use it who opposed the party. But it wasn't the name of the party and not what was on the ballot, it was just a nickname among people who didn't like them.
The most common way the party is adressed nowadays in Germany is either by saying "Nazis" or "NSDAP". It's very rare someone refers to the Nazis in German as "Nazi Party" (Nazi Partei).
I think it was very similar in the 1920s and 1930s, so "Nazi Party" is basically an exonym not used in German.
Interestingly Neukölln in Berlin voted Communist.
So did some parts of Bremen I believe
I find it interesting that a lot of Bavaria didn’t vote for the Nazis. Anyone know why that is?
nazis hated catholics
Thanks for this interesting fact, u/99penisesinmyass
It had more to do with the fact there was a predominantly Catholic party before the Nazis came to existence. And the NDSAP didn’t really hate Catholics so much as they failed to ever truly break into the Catholic demographic. I’ve read it supposed that part of the difficulty for Hitler’s party in gaining Catholic support was because Catholics had Parrish leadership in the form of church clergy that guided their Parrish’s politically.
Well, the Nazis hated that they had to compete with the power of the Catholic Church for the loyalty of German Catholics, to say they simply "hated Catholics" is a bit simplistic.
Bavaria is majority catholic. In fact all areas with a plurality for the Centre Party or the BVP are/were majority catholic.
Bavaria has always been staunchly conservative Catholics
Back then it was the Zentrum, now it's CSU
It was the BVP, not Zentrum. They had a similiar relationship that CDU and CSU have today
Bavaria is Catholic and Catholics had their own party so many voted for that and also Bavaria has a really strong local identity so many others voted for the Bavarian party
bavaria is very christian
The Bavarian People’s Party
Catholics
Is it too late to reintroduce the Struggle Front? 10/10 name
I always love how so unabashedly catholic Warmia/Ermland is in East Prussia. You can always see them on German maps.
You'd think Hitler would have been better leading the Black-White-Red Struggle Front.
Important to note that the Nazis didn’t win a majority. The conservatives formed a coalition with the Nazis to enable Hitler’s rise to power.
Don’t trust conservatives.
This map is so ass for colorblind folks holy
This was the last multiparty election in an unified Germany until 1990
The last multiparty election, it wasn't really free (Hitler was in power, lots of candidates and party members arrested, SA and SS were at the polling stations, Reichstag Fire Decree was in effect)
November, 1932 was the last 'free' election for a certain definition of free (still lots of violence though)
It also wasn't free. The last free one was in November of 1932.
The 1933 election saw thr SA (under legal authority of being declared auxilliary police by Hitler) unleash a widespread campaign of violence against the SPD, KPD and Zentrum. The elections were carried out in an atmosphere of inzimidation and violence against political opponents
These were the last multiparty elections, but by 1933 the democratic process had ceased to be free or fair.
Wrong
Do you happen to have a version of this with locations? Curious what the non-brown enclaves are...
Why is the Saarland missing from this map? Did they not vote in these elections?
They didn't vote, because there weren't German again yet.
The Saarland became a mandate of the league of nations for 15 years through the versailles treaty (ratified in 1920), with a plebecity to be held in 1935 to determine their future:
German annexion, French annexion or keeping the Status quo and staying independent.
Spoiler: The Germany option won with overwhelming majority.
Now they are sky blue rather than brown
Did much of polish land mass vote for Nazi’s?