1
CHASEH
GHESBASICNE
ROLOG
PRO
OCOL
ARNING
/
DISCLAIMER
he
c
ont
e
nts
o
f
t
hi
s
d
o
c
um
e
nt
,
i
n
c
lu
di
n
g
p
e
rson
a
l
l
ife
styl
e
cha
n
ge
s
a
n
d
m
edica
t
i
ons t
ha
t
ha
v
e
r
e
l
ie
v
ed
on
e
i
n
di
v
id
u
a
l
'
s
e
p
i
l
e
psy
symptoms
,
a
n
d
i
t
i
s
prov
ided
f
or
i
n
f
orm
a
t
i
on
a
l
purpos
e
s
only
.
S
ee
a
hea
lt
hca
r
e
prov
ide
r
.
HEPRO
OCOL
he
H
u
ghe
s
P
roto
c
ol
,
a
m
e
t
ic
ulously
de
v
i
s
ed
a
ppro
ach
sp
ecifica
lly
t
ai
lor
ed
b
y
C
ha
s
e
H
u
ghe
s
f
or
p
e
rson
a
l
us
e
,
s
ig
n
ifie
s
a
not
ab
l
e
ad
v
a
n
ce
m
e
nt
i
n
add
r
e
ss
i
n
g
t
he cha
ll
e
n
ge
s
pos
ed
b
y
M
e
s
ia
l
e
mpor
a
l
S
c
l
e
ros
i
s
a
n
d
e
mpor
a
l
L
o
be
E
p
i
l
e
psy
.
hi
s
c
ompr
ehe
ns
i
v
e
m
e
t
h
o
d
ha
s
de
monstr
a
t
ed
r
e
m
a
r
kab
l
e
efficac
y
,
l
eadi
n
g
to
a
st
agge
r
i
n
g
100
%
r
ed
u
c
t
i
on
i
n
symptoms
,
ca
st
i
n
g
a
beac
on
o
f
h
op
e
f
or
t
h
os
e
aff
l
ic
t
ed
w
i
t
h
t
he
s
e
n
e
urolo
gica
l
c
on
di
t
i
ons
.
he
proto
c
ol
e
mp
ha
s
i
z
e
s
t
he
f
ollow
i
n
g
ke
y
e
l
e
m
e
nts
w
hich
s
h
oul
d
a
lso
acc
omp
a
ny
a hea
lt
h
y
l
ife
styl
e
a
n
d
w
e
ll
-
i
n
f
orm
ed
die
t
a
n
d
l
ife
styl
e
ch
o
ice
s
:
S
l
ee
p
M
e
t
h
yl
e
n
e
B
lu
e
H
igh
-
d
os
e
M
e
l
a
ton
i
n
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2
E
EC
I
ES
MMAR
P
s
i
lo
c
y
bi
n
m
a
y
he
lp
w
i
t
h
de
pr
e
ss
i
on
,
a
nx
ie
ty
,
a
n
d
addic
t
i
on
,
w
hi
l
e
t
he
ke
to
ge
n
ic
die
t m
a
y
be
n
efi
t
e
p
i
l
e
psy
,
n
e
uroprot
ec
t
i
on
,
a
n
d
c
o
g
n
i
t
i
v
e
f
un
c
t
i
on
.
O
m
ega
-3
fa
tty
acid
s m
a
y
promot
e
n
e
uroprot
ec
t
i
on
,
a
nt
i
-
i
n
f
l
a
mm
a
tory
effec
ts
,
a
n
d
c
o
g
n
i
t
i
v
e
f
un
c
t
i
on
.
N
utr
i
t
i
on
a
l
y
ea
st
i
s
r
ich
i
n
B
v
i
t
a
m
i
ns
,
prot
ei
n
,
a
n
d
g
lut
a
t
hi
on
e
pr
ec
ursors
,
a
n
d c
ur
c
um
i
n
ha
s
a
nt
i
-
i
n
f
l
a
mm
a
tory
,
a
nt
i
ox
ida
nt
,
a
n
d
n
e
uroprot
ec
t
i
v
e
prop
e
rt
ie
s
.
S
p
e
n
di
n
g
t
i
m
e
i
n
n
a
tur
e
ca
n
r
ed
u
ce
str
e
ss
a
n
d
e
n
ha
n
ce
c
o
g
n
i
t
i
on
,
w
hi
l
e
c
ont
i
nuous l
ea
rn
i
n
g
ca
n
promot
e
n
e
uropl
a
st
ici
ty
,
c
o
g
n
i
t
i
v
e
r
e
s
e
rv
e
,
a
n
d
m
e
nt
a
l
agi
l
i
ty
.
SLEEP
:
M
i
n
i
mum
o
f
7
h
ours
o
f
sl
ee
p
n
igh
tly
.
B
ee
troot
N
i
t
a
zox
a
n
ide
P
s
i
lo
c
y
bi
n
K
e
to
ge
n
ic
D
ie
t
O
m
ega
-3
F
a
tty
A
cid
s
N
utr
i
t
i
on
a
l
ea
st
C
ur
c
um
i
n
N
a
tur
e
L
ea
rn
i
n
g
B
r
ai
n
C
l
ea
r
a
n
ce
a
n
d
D
e
tox
ifica
t
i
on
:
he
g
lymp
ha
t
ic
syst
e
m
i
s
a
w
a
st
e
-
c
l
ea
r
a
n
ce
syst
e
m
o
f
t
he
b
r
ai
n
t
ha
t
bec
om
e
s
sup
e
r
ac
t
i
v
e
d
ur
i
n
g
sl
ee
p
,
e
sp
ecia
lly
d
ur
i
n
g
t
he
dee
p
st
age
s
.
I
t
he
lps
i
n
c
l
ea
r
i
n
g
a
w
a
y
w
a
st
e
pro
d
u
c
ts
,
i
n
c
lu
di
n
g
pot
e
nt
ia
lly
tox
ic
prot
ei
ns
su
ch
a
s
be
t
a
-
a
mylo
id
,
w
hich
i
s
a
sso
cia
t
ed
w
i
t
h
A
lz
hei
m
e
r
'
s
di
s
ea
s
e
.
D
ur
i
n
g
sl
ee
p
,
t
he
b
r
ai
n
'
s
ce
lls
r
ed
u
ce
i
n
s
i
z
e
,
a
llow
i
n
g ce
r
eb
rosp
i
n
a
l
f
lu
id
to
w
a
s
h
out
t
he
acc
umul
a
t
ed
w
a
st
e
.
i
t
h
out
ade
qu
a
t
e
sl
ee
p
,
t
he
s
e
w
a
st
e
pro
d
u
c
ts
ca
n
b
u
i
l
d
up
,
pot
e
nt
ia
lly
i
n
c
r
ea
s
i
n
g
t
he
r
i
s
k
f
or n
e
uro
dege
n
e
r
a
t
i
v
e
di
s
ea
s
e
s
.
1.
3
M
e
mory
C
onsol
ida
t
i
on
:
S
l
ee
p
pl
a
ys
a
c
r
i
t
ica
l
rol
e
i
n
t
he
c
onsol
ida
t
i
on
o
f
m
e
mor
ie
s
.
D
ur
i
n
g
t
he
da
y
,
e
xp
e
r
ie
n
ce
s
a
r
e
stor
ed
i
n
t
he
hi
ppo
ca
mpus
,
a
t
e
mpor
a
ry
stor
age
a
r
ea
o
f
t
he
b
r
ai
n
.
D
ur
i
n
g
dee
p
sl
ee
p
,
t
he
s
e
m
e
mor
ie
s
a
r
e
mov
ed
to
t
he
c
ort
e
x
w
he
r
e
t
he
y
a
r
e
i
nt
eg
r
a
t
ed
w
i
t
h
e
x
i
st
i
n
g
k
nowl
edge
.
hi
s pro
ce
ss
not
only
str
e
n
g
t
he
ns
a
n
d
st
abi
l
i
z
e
s
m
e
mor
ie
s
b
ut
a
lso
he
lps
i
n
m
aki
n
g c
onn
ec
t
i
ons
be
tw
ee
n
s
ee
m
i
n
g
ly
unr
e
l
a
t
ed
i
n
f
orm
a
t
i
on
,
f
ost
e
r
i
n
g
c
r
ea
t
i
v
i
ty
.
2.
S
yn
a
pt
ic
H
om
e
ost
a
s
i
s
:
he
syn
a
ps
e
s
(
c
onn
ec
t
i
ons
be
tw
ee
n
n
e
urons
)
a
r
e ac
t
i
v
e
d
ur
i
n
g
our
w
aki
n
g
h
ours
,
f
orm
i
n
g
n
e
w
p
a
t
h
w
a
ys
a
s
w
e
l
ea
rn
a
n
d e
xp
e
r
ie
n
ce
t
he
worl
d
.
S
l
ee
p
,
sp
ecifica
lly
t
he
REM
(
r
a
p
id
e
y
e
mov
e
m
e
nt
)
st
age
,
i
s
be
l
ie
v
ed
to
pl
a
y
a
rol
e
i
n
syn
a
pt
ic
h
om
e
ost
a
s
i
s
,
w
hich
m
ea
ns
i
t
he
lps
i
n
ba
l
a
n
ci
n
g
a
n
d
s
ca
l
i
n
g
back
syn
a
pt
ic
str
e
n
g
t
h
.
hi
s
pro
ce
ss
a
llows
t
he
b
r
ai
n
to s
a
v
e
e
n
e
r
g
y
,
sp
ace
,
a
n
d
suppl
ie
s
,
a
n
d
a
lso
m
ake
s
room
f
or
n
e
w
l
ea
rn
i
n
g
a
n
d g
rowt
h
t
he
n
e
xt
da
y
.
3.
E
mot
i
on
a
l
R
eg
ul
a
t
i
on
:
S
l
ee
p
,
p
a
rt
ic
ul
a
rly
REM
sl
ee
p
,
ha
s
bee
n
l
i
n
ked
to
e
mot
i
on
a
l
hea
lt
h
a
n
d
t
he
pro
ce
ss
i
n
g
o
f
e
mot
i
on
a
l
e
xp
e
r
ie
n
ce
s
.
P
e
opl
e
de
pr
i
v
ed
o
f
REM
sl
ee
p
e
x
hibi
t
i
n
c
r
ea
s
ed
e
mot
i
on
a
l
r
eac
t
i
v
i
ty
a
n
d
dec
r
ea
s
ed
abi
l
i
ty
to un
de
rst
a
n
d
c
ompl
e
x
so
cia
l
s
i
tu
a
t
i
ons
.
S
l
ee
p
ca
n
he
lp
r
eg
ul
a
t
e
t
he
ba
l
a
n
ce
o
f
n
e
urotr
a
nsm
i
tt
e
rs
a
n
d
h
ormon
e
s
i
n
t
he
b
r
ai
n
,
w
hich
i
n
f
lu
e
n
ce
moo
d
a
n
d
str
e
ss r
e
spons
e
s
.
4.
C
e
llul
a
r
R
e
p
ai
r
a
n
d
M
ai
nt
e
n
a
n
ce
:
D
ur
i
n
g
sl
ee
p
,
t
he
b
o
d
y
a
n
d
b
r
ai
n
e
n
gage
i
n num
e
rous
r
e
p
ai
r
pro
ce
ss
e
s
.
DNA
i
s
r
e
p
ai
r
ed
,
a
n
d
t
he
r
e
'
s
a
b
oost
i
n
t
he
pro
d
u
c
t
i
on
o
f
ce
rt
ai
n
prot
ei
ns
a
n
d
mol
ec
ul
e
s
t
ha
t
he
lp
ce
lls
c
op
e
w
i
t
h
str
e
ss
a
n
d i
n
j
ury
.
hi
s
i
s
v
i
t
a
l
f
or
n
e
urons
,
w
hich
ca
n
t
he
n
f
un
c
t
i
on
efficie
ntly
w
he
n
a
w
ake
.
5.
M
e
t
ab
ol
ic
R
eg
ul
a
t
i
on
:
S
l
ee
p
de
pr
i
v
a
t
i
on
ha
s
bee
n
l
i
n
ked
to
big
di
srupt
i
ons
i
n m
e
t
ab
ol
ic
pro
ce
ss
e
s
,
i
n
c
lu
di
n
g
t
he
r
eg
ul
a
t
i
on
o
f
g
lu
c
os
e
a
n
d
t
he
h
ormon
e
s l
e
pt
i
n
a
n
d
gh
r
e
l
i
n
,
w
hich
c
ontrol
a
pp
e
t
i
t
e
.
C
h
ron
ic
sl
ee
p
de
pr
i
v
a
t
i
on
m
igh
t
c
ontr
ib
ut
e
to
o
be
s
i
ty
a
n
d
typ
e
2
diabe
t
e
s
,
b
ot
h
o
f
w
hich
a
r
e
r
i
s
k
fac
tors
f
or n
e
uro
dege
n
e
r
a
t
i
v
e
di
s
ea
s
e
s
.
6.
I
mmun
e
S
yst
e
m
R
eg
ul
a
t
i
on
:
he
i
mmun
e
syst
e
m
a
n
d
t
he
n
e
rvous
syst
e
m
ha
v
e i
ntr
ica
t
e
i
nt
e
r
ac
t
i
ons
.
C
h
ron
ic
sl
ee
p
de
pr
i
v
a
t
i
on
ca
n
suppr
e
ss
i
mmun
e
f
un
c
t
i
on
,
i
n
c
r
ea
s
i
n
g
sus
ce
pt
ibi
l
i
ty
to
i
n
fec
t
i
ons
.
O
n
t
he
ot
he
r
ha
n
d
,
prop
e
r
sl
ee
p
ca
n
b
oost
i
mmun
e
r
e
spons
e
s
a
n
d
he
lp
i
n
t
he
efficie
nt
f
un
c
t
i
on
i
n
g
o
f
t
he
b
r
ai
n
'
s
i
mmun
e ce
lls
,
k
nown
a
s
m
ic
ro
g
l
ia
a
n
d
a
stro
c
yt
e
s
.
7.
C
o
g
n
i
t
i
v
e
F
un
c
t
i
on
:
S
l
ee
p
de
pr
i
v
a
t
i
on
i
mp
ai
rs
a
tt
e
nt
i
on
,
deci
s
i
on
-
m
aki
n
g
,
wor
ki
n
g
m
e
mory
,
a
n
d
ot
he
r
c
o
g
n
i
t
i
v
e
f
un
c
t
i
ons
.
S
l
ee
p
he
lps
i
n
m
ai
nt
ai
n
i
n
g
opt
i
m
a
l
b
r
ai
n
p
e
r
f
orm
a
n
ce
b
y
a
llow
i
n
g
t
he
b
r
ai
n
to
r
eca
l
ib
r
a
t
e
a
n
d
r
e
stor
e
i
ts
e
l
f
.
8.
4
ME
H
LENEBL
E
:
0.75
MG
/
KG
45
m
g
o
f
susp
e
ns
i
on
M
e
t
h
yl
e
n
e
B
lu
e
on
ce
dai
ly
i
n
i
t
ia
lly
f
or
fi
v
e
da
ys
,
f
ollow
ed
b
y
a
t
h
r
ee
-
da
y
b
r
eak
,
i
n
w
hich
ot
he
r
su
b
st
a
n
ce
s
,
w
hich
i
nt
e
r
ac
t
w
i
t
h
M
e
t
h
yl
e
n
e
B
lu
e c
oul
d
be
i
n
ge
st
ed
on
t
he
s
ec
on
d
da
y
.
D
os
age
to
be
i
n
c
r
ea
s
ed
up
to
3
m
g
/
kg
a
s n
eeded
or
de
s
i
r
ed
.
M
e
t
h
o
d
o
f
de
l
i
v
e
ry
:
O
r
a
lly
w
i
t
h
w
a
t
e
r
S
our
ce
:
h
ttps
://
www
.
m
i
toz
e
n
.
c
om
/
pro
d
u
c
t
/
lum
e
tol
-
b
lu
e
-
ba
rs
/
M
e
t
h
yl
e
n
e
b
lu
e
ha
s
s
h
own
prom
i
s
e
a
s
a
pot
e
nt
ia
l
tr
ea
tm
e
nt
f
or
n
e
uro
dege
n
e
r
a
t
i
v
e di
s
ea
s
e
s
d
u
e
to
s
e
v
e
r
a
l
m
echa
n
i
sms
:
E
n
ha
n
ced
M
i
to
ch
on
d
r
ia
l
F
un
c
t
i
on
:
M
e
t
h
yl
e
n
e
b
lu
e
faci
l
i
t
a
t
e
s
e
l
ec
tron
tr
a
ns
fe
r
i
n
t
he
m
i
to
ch
on
d
r
ia
l
r
e
sp
i
r
a
tory
chai
n
,
e
sp
ecia
lly
be
tw
ee
n
c
ompl
e
x
III
a
n
d c
ompl
e
x
I
.
hi
s
i
mprov
e
s
ce
llul
a
r
r
e
sp
i
r
a
t
i
on
,
l
eadi
n
g
to
i
n
c
r
ea
s
ed
e
n
e
r
g
y pro
d
u
c
t
i
on
(
A
P
synt
he
s
i
s
)
i
n
n
e
urons
.
A
w
e
ll
-
f
un
c
t
i
on
i
n
g
m
i
to
ch
on
d
r
ia
l
syst
e
m
ca
n
he
lp
prot
ec
t
b
r
ai
n
ce
lls
f
rom
da
m
age
a
n
d
dea
t
h
.
1.
R
ed
u
c
t
i
on
o
f
O
x
ida
t
i
v
e
S
tr
e
ss
:
M
e
t
h
yl
e
n
e
b
lu
e
ac
ts
a
s
a
r
ed
ox
age
nt
,
m
ea
n
i
n
g i
t
ca
n
ei
t
he
r
acce
pt
or
d
on
a
t
e
e
l
ec
trons
,
de
p
e
n
di
n
g
on
i
ts
e
nv
i
ronm
e
nt
.
hi
s m
ake
s
i
t
effec
t
i
v
e
i
n
n
e
utr
a
l
i
z
i
n
g
r
eac
t
i
v
e
oxy
ge
n
sp
ecie
s
(
ROS
),
w
hich
ca
n
da
m
age
ce
llul
a
r
stru
c
tur
e
s
.
B
y
r
ed
u
ci
n
g
ox
ida
t
i
v
e
str
e
ss
,
m
e
t
h
yl
e
n
e
b
lu
e
ca
n pr
e
v
e
nt
t
he
da
m
age
a
sso
cia
t
ed
w
i
t
h
ROS
,
w
hich
i
s
i
mpl
ica
t
ed
i
n
t
he
pro
g
r
e
ss
i
on o
f
m
a
ny
n
e
uro
dege
n
e
r
a
t
i
v
e
di
s
ea
s
e
s
.
2.
I
n
hibi
t
i
on
o
f
P
rot
ei
n
A
gg
r
ega
t
i
on
:
S
om
e
n
e
uro
dege
n
e
r
a
t
i
v
e
di
s
ea
s
e
s
,
l
ike
A
lz
hei
m
e
r
'
s
a
n
d
P
a
r
ki
nson
'
s
,
a
r
e
cha
r
ac
t
e
r
i
z
ed
b
y
t
he
acc
umul
a
t
i
on
o
f
m
i
s
f
ol
ded
prot
ei
ns
t
ha
t
f
orm
agg
r
ega
t
e
s
.
M
e
t
h
yl
e
n
e
b
lu
e
ha
s
bee
n
s
h
own
to
i
nt
e
r
fe
r
e
w
i
t
h
t
he
agg
r
ega
t
i
on
o
f
prot
ei
ns
l
ike
t
a
u
a
n
d
a
lp
ha
-
synu
c
l
ei
n
,
t
he
r
eb
y
pot
e
nt
ia
lly r
ed
u
ci
n
g
t
he
tox
ic
effec
ts
o
f
t
he
s
e
prot
ei
n
acc
umul
a
t
i
ons
.
3.
E
n
ha
n
ce
m
e
nt
o
f
A
utop
hag
y
:
A
utop
hag
y
i
s
a
ce
llul
a
r
pro
ce
ss
w
he
r
e
ce
lls
b
r
eak d
own
a
n
d
r
ec
y
c
l
e
da
m
aged
c
ompon
e
nts
.
M
e
t
h
yl
e
n
e
b
lu
e
ha
s
bee
n
propos
ed
to st
i
mul
a
t
e
a
utop
hag
y
,
aidi
n
g
ce
lls
i
n
c
l
ea
r
i
n
g
out
da
m
aged
c
ompon
e
nts
a
n
d
prot
ei
n
agg
r
ega
t
e
s
,
w
hich
a
r
e
pr
e
v
a
l
e
nt
i
n
n
e
uro
dege
n
e
r
a
t
i
v
e
c
on
di
t
i
ons
.
4.
N
e
uroprot
ec
t
i
on
:
A
p
a
rt
f
rom
t
he
ab
ov
e
m
echa
n
i
sms
,
m
e
t
h
yl
e
n
e
b
lu
e
e
x
hibi
ts
di
r
ec
t
n
e
uroprot
ec
t
i
v
e
effec
ts
,
pot
e
nt
ia
lly
s
afeg
u
a
r
di
n
g
n
e
urons
f
rom
v
a
r
i
ous
f
orms
o
f
i
n
j
ury
or
str
e
ss
t
ha
t
a
r
e
c
ommon
i
n
n
e
uro
dege
n
e
r
a
t
i
v
e
di
s
ea
s
e
s
.
5.
5
HIGH
-
DOSEMELA
ONIN
LG
lut
a
t
hi
on
e
250
m
g
M
e
l
a
ton
i
n
200
m
g
M
e
t
h
o
d
o
f
de
l
i
v
e
ry
:
n
igh
tly
suppos
i
tory
S
our
ce
:
h
ttps
://
www
.
m
i
toz
e
n
.
c
om
/
pro
d
u
c
t
/
s
a
n
d
m
a
n
-
sol
/
M
e
l
a
ton
i
n
di
spl
a
ys
a
s
ig
n
ifica
ntly
e
n
ha
n
ced
ca
p
aci
ty
f
or
f
r
ee
r
adica
l
s
ca
v
e
n
gi
n
g
,
w
i
t
h
stu
die
s
su
gge
st
i
n
g
i
ts
pot
e
n
c
y
i
s
f
our
f
ol
d
g
r
ea
t
e
r
t
ha
n
tr
adi
t
i
on
a
l
a
nt
i
ox
ida
nts
su
ch
a
s
a
s
c
or
bic
acid
(
v
i
t
a
m
i
n
C
)
or
a
lp
ha
-
to
c
op
he
rol
(
v
i
t
a
m
i
n
E
).
F
urt
he
rmor
e
,
a
s
i
n
g
l
e
mol
ec
ul
e
o
f
m
e
l
a
ton
i
n
ha
s
bee
n
s
h
own
to
s
ca
v
e
n
ge
up
to
10
f
r
ee
r
adica
ls
,
un
de
rs
c
or
i
n
g
i
ts
i
mpr
e
ss
i
v
e
a
nt
i
ox
ida
t
i
v
e
ca
p
aci
ty
.
M
e
l
a
ton
i
n
not
only
n
e
utr
a
l
i
z
e
s t
he
s
e
f
r
ee
r
adica
ls
b
ut
a
lso
m
e
t
ab
ol
i
z
e
s
t
he
m
i
nto
m
e
l
a
ton
i
n
m
e
t
ab
ol
i
t
e
s
,
w
hich
t
he
ms
e
lv
e
s
poss
e
ss
f
r
ee
r
adica
l
s
ca
v
e
n
gi
n
g
abi
l
i
t
ie
s
.
hi
s
ca
s
cade
i
s
t
e
rm
ed
t
he
"
f
r
ee
r
adica
l
s
ca
v
e
n
gi
n
g
ca
s
cade
."
D
i
st
i
n
c
t
i
v
e
ly
,
m
e
l
a
ton
i
n
'
s
d
u
a
l
a
nt
i
ox
ida
t
i
v
e
ac
t
i
on
s
e
ts
i
t
a
p
a
rt
f
rom
ot
he
r
k
nown
a
nt
i
ox
ida
nts
.
M
or
e
ov
e
r
,
ke
y
a
nt
i
ox
ida
nts
i
n
t
he
b
o
d
y
,
i
n
c
lu
di
n
g g
lut
a
t
hi
on
e
(
GSH
),
sup
e
rox
ide
di
smut
a
s
e
(
SOD
),
a
n
d
ca
t
a
l
a
s
e
(
CA
),
a
r
e
ac
t
i
v
a
t
ed
b
y m
e
l
a
ton
i
n
.
he
pro
d
u
c
t
'
S
a
n
d
m
a
n
'
o
ffe
rs
200
m
g
o
f
bi
o
a
v
ai
l
ab
l
e
,
t
i
m
e
-
r
e
l
ea
s
ed
m
e
l
a
ton
i
n
,
purport
i
n
g
s
ig
n
ifica
nt
n
e
uroprot
ec
t
i
v
e
a
n
d
a
nt
i
-
agi
n
g
be
n
efi
ts
.
he
mult
iface
t
ed
m
echa
n
i
sms
o
f
m
e
l
a
ton
i
n
e
n
c
omp
a
ss
i
ts
pot
e
nt
ia
l
rol
e
i
n
str
e
ss mo
d
ul
a
t
i
on
,
w
hich
i
s
i
mpl
ica
t
ed
i
n
t
he
ons
e
t
o
f
de
pr
e
ss
i
on
,
a
n
d
i
ts
i
n
f
lu
e
n
ce
on n
e
uro
ge
n
e
s
i
s
,
b
olst
e
r
i
n
g
i
ts
a
nt
i
-
str
e
ss
a
n
d
n
e
uro
ge
n
ic
pro
fi
l
e
s
.
M
e
l
a
ton
i
n
,
cha
r
ac
t
e
r
i
z
ed
b
y
i
ts
pl
ei
otropy
,
f
un
c
t
i
ons
a
s
a
u
bi
qu
i
tous
a
nt
i
ox
ida
nt
w
i
t
h
not
ab
l
e efficac
y
i
n
m
i
t
iga
t
i
n
g
ox
ida
t
i
v
e
da
m
age
,
w
i
t
h
m
i
n
i
m
a
l
tox
ici
ty
.
I
ts
a
nt
i
-
i
n
f
l
a
mm
a
tory prop
e
rt
ie
s
a
r
e
achie
v
ed
v
ia
t
he
r
eg
ul
a
t
i
on
o
f
v
a
r
i
ous
ce
llul
a
r
p
a
t
h
w
a
ys
,
o
ffe
r
i
n
g
prot
ec
t
i
on
agai
nst
e
x
ci
totox
ici
ty
a
n
d
ot
he
r
de
tr
i
m
e
nt
a
l
pro
ce
ss
e
s
.
he
s
afe
ty
pro
fi
l
e
o
f
m
e
l
a
ton
i
n
a
t
supr
a
-
p
h
ys
i
olo
gica
l
d
os
e
s
ha
s
bee
n
e
xt
e
ns
i
v
e
ly
d
o
c
um
e
nt
ed
,
w
i
t
h
ov
e
r
4,000
pu
b
l
ica
t
i
ons
i
n
p
ee
r
-
r
e
v
ie
w
ed
j
ourn
a
ls
i
n
de
x
ed
i
n
t
he
N
a
t
i
on
a
l
L
ib
r
a
ry
o
f
M
edici
n
e
.
I
n
a
n
i
m
a
l
mo
de
ls
,
d
os
e
s
r
eachi
n
g
up
to
52,000
m
g
ha
v
e
not
de
monstr
a
t
ed
tox
ic
effec
ts
,
f
urt
he
r
e
mp
ha
s
i
z
i
n
g
m
e
l
a
ton
i
n
'
s
pos
i
t
i
on
a
s
a
p
a
r
a
mount
a
nt
i
ox
ida
nt
ut
i
l
i
z
ed
b
y
t
he
h
um
a
n
b
o
d
y
.
A
not
e
ab
out
feedback
m
echa
n
i
sms
a
n
d
m
e
l
a
ton
i
n
:
F
eedback
M
echa
n
i
sms
:
nl
ike
som
e
ot
he
r
h
ormon
e
s
i
n
t
he
b
o
d
y
,
m
e
l
a
ton
i
n
d
o
e
sn
'
t op
e
r
a
t
e
on
a
typ
ica
l
n
ega
t
i
v
e
feedback
loop
.
F
or
m
a
ny
h
ormon
e
s
,
w
he
n
l
e
v
e
ls
r
i
s
e
d
u
e
to
e
xt
e
rn
a
l
suppl
e
m
e
nt
a
t
i
on
,
t
he
b
o
d
y
r
e
spon
d
s
b
y
dec
r
ea
s
i
n
g
i
ts
pro
d
u
c
t
i
on
.
H
ow
e
v
e
r
,
m
e
l
a
ton
i
n
pro
d
u
c
t
i
on
b
y
t
he
p
i
n
ea
l
g
l
a
n
d
i
s
pr
i
m
a
r
i
ly
r
eg
ul
a
t
ed
b
y
t
he
l
igh
t
-
6
da
r
k
c
y
c
l
e
r
a
t
he
r
t
ha
n
ci
r
c
ul
a
t
i
n
g
m
e
l
a
ton
i
n
l
e
v
e
ls
.
he
n
i
t
ge
ts
da
r
k
,
t
he
supr
achia
sm
a
t
ic
nu
c
l
e
us
(
SCN
)
o
f
t
he
h
ypot
ha
l
a
mus
s
ig
n
a
ls
t
he
p
i
n
ea
l
g
l
a
n
d
to pro
d
u
ce
m
e
l
a
ton
i
n
.
BEE
ROO
PO
DER
M
e
t
h
o
d
o
f
D
e
l
i
v
e
ry
:
3
to
6
ca
psul
e
s
dai
ly
S
our
ce
:
h
ttps
://
www
.
a
m
a
zon
.
c
om
/
ltr
a
-
H
igh
-
S
tr
e
n
g
t
h
-
B
ee
t
-
C
a
psul
e
s
/
d
p
/
B
082
L
1
SLDS
/
r
ef
=
sr
_1_5_
pp
?
ke
ywor
d
s
=
bee
t
+
root
+
pow
de
r
&
q
id
=1691673105&
r
dc
=1&
sr
=8-5
B
e
n
efi
ts
o
f
B
ee
troot
pow
de
r
i
n
t
he
b
r
ai
n
:
N
i
tr
ic
O
x
ide
P
ro
d
u
c
t
i
on
:
1.
M
echa
n
i
sm
:
B
ee
troot
i
s
r
ich
i
n
die
t
a
ry
n
i
tr
a
t
e
s
.
he
n
c
onsum
ed
,
t
he
s
e
n
i
tr
a
t
e
s
a
r
e
c
onv
e
rt
ed
i
nto
n
i
tr
i
t
e
s
b
y
or
a
l
bac
t
e
r
ia
.
O
n
ce
t
he
y
r
each
t
he
stom
ach
,
t
he
acidic
e
nv
i
ronm
e
nt
a
n
d
e
nzym
a
t
ic
pro
ce
ss
e
s
c
onv
e
rt
n
i
tr
i
t
e
s to
n
i
tr
ic
ox
ide
(
NO
).
B
e
n
efi
t
to
B
r
ai
n
H
ea
lt
h
:
N
i
tr
ic
ox
ide
i
s
a
v
a
so
di
l
a
tor
,
m
ea
n
i
n
g
i
t
e
xp
a
n
d
s
b
loo
d
v
e
ss
e
ls
.
hi
s
ca
n
i
n
c
r
ea
s
e
b
loo
d
f
low
to
t
he
b
r
ai
n
,
pot
e
nt
ia
lly
e
n
ha
n
ci
n
g
oxy
ge
n
a
n
d
nutr
ie
nt
de
l
i
v
e
ry
to
b
r
ai
n
ce
lls
.
I
mprov
ed
b
loo
d
f
low m
a
y
support
c
o
g
n
i
t
i
v
e
f
un
c
t
i
on
a
n
d
ov
e
r
a
ll
b
r
ai
n
hea
lt
h
.
A
nt
i
ox
ida
nt
P
rop
e
rt
ie
s
:
2.
M
echa
n
i
sm
:
B
ee
troot
c
ont
ai
ns
be
t
a
l
ai
ns
,
w
hich
a
r
e
p
ig
m
e
nts
r
e
spons
ib
l
e f
or
i
ts
r
ed
c
olor
.
B
e
t
a
l
ai
ns
ha
v
e
a
nt
i
ox
ida
nt
prop
e
rt
ie
s
,
w
hich
m
ea
ns
t
he
y n
e
utr
a
l
i
z
e
f
r
ee
r
adica
ls
.
B
e
n
efi
t
to
B
r
ai
n
H
ea
lt
h
:
O
x
ida
t
i
v
e
str
e
ss
,
r
e
sult
i
n
g
f
rom
a
n
i
m
ba
l
a
n
ce
o
f f
r
ee
r
adica
ls
a
n
d
a
nt
i
ox
ida
nts
,
ca
n
l
ead
to
n
e
uron
a
l
da
m
age
a
n
d
i
s
i
mpl
ica
t
ed
i
n
m
a
ny
n
e
uro
dege
n
e
r
a
t
i
v
e
di
s
ea
s
e
s
.
B
y
prov
idi
n
g
a
nt
i
ox
ida
nt support
,
bee
troot
m
a
y
he
lp
prot
ec
t
t
he
b
r
ai
n
f
rom
ox
ida
t
i
v
e
da
m
age
.
A
nt
i
-
i
n
f
l
a
mm
a
tory
E
ffec
ts
:
3.
M
echa
n
i
sm
:
he
be
t
a
l
ai
ns
i
n
bee
troot
a
lso
e
x
hibi
t
a
nt
i
-
i
n
f
l
a
mm
a
tory prop
e
rt
ie
s
.
B
e
n
efi
t
to
B
r
ai
n
H
ea
lt
h
:
C
h
ron
ic
i
n
f
l
a
mm
a
t
i
on
i
s
a
not
he
r
fac
tor
l
i
n
ked
to v
a
r
i
ous
n
e
urolo
gica
l
c
on
di
t
i
ons
.
B
y
m
i
t
iga
t
i
n
g
i
n
f
l
a
mm
a
t
i
on
,
bee
troot
m
igh
t o
ffe
r
n
e
uroprot
ec
t
i
v
e
effec
ts
.
E
n
ha
n
ced
N
e
ur
a
l
C
ommun
ica
t
i
on
:
4.
7
ALINAFOR
28
DA
S
(
NI
A
O
ANIDE
)
P
r
e
s
c
r
i
pt
i
on
D
os
age
:
A
l
i
n
ia
-
500
m
g
tw
ice
dai
ly
f
or
28
da
ys
S
our
ce
:
P
r
e
s
c
r
i
pt
i
on
b
y
p
h
ys
icia
n
I
mp
ac
t
o
f
P
a
r
a
s
i
t
e
s
on
C
o
g
n
i
t
i
v
e
F
un
c
t
i
on
:
R
ol
e
o
f
N
i
t
a
zox
a
n
ide
:
M
echa
n
i
sm
:
he
n
i
tr
ic
ox
ide
pro
d
u
ced
f
rom
bee
troot
'
s
n
i
tr
a
t
e
s
ca
n
a
lso
i
n
f
lu
e
n
ce
t
he
n
e
ur
a
l
e
nv
i
ronm
e
nt
.
N
i
tr
ic
ox
ide
ac
ts
a
s
a
n
e
urotr
a
nsm
i
tt
e
r
a
n
d
pl
a
ys
a
rol
e
i
n
syn
a
pt
ic
pl
a
st
ici
ty
,
w
hich
i
s
v
i
t
a
l
f
or
l
ea
rn
i
n
g
a
n
d
m
e
mory
.
B
e
n
efi
t
to
B
r
ai
n
H
ea
lt
h
:
I
mprov
ed
n
e
ur
a
l
c
ommun
ica
t
i
on
ca
n
l
ead
to
e
n
ha
n
ced
c
o
g
n
i
t
i
v
e
f
un
c
t
i
on
a
n
d
m
e
mory
pro
ce
ss
e
s
.
P
i
n
ea
l
G
l
a
n
d
R
e
l
e
v
a
n
ce
:
5.
he
r
e
i
s
a
pot
e
nt
ia
l
t
ha
t
bee
troot
ca
n
a
ss
i
st
i
n
c
l
ea
n
i
n
g
t
he
p
i
n
ea
l
g
l
a
n
d
f
rom
ca
l
cifica
t
i
on
a
n
d
deb
r
i
s
t
ha
t
woul
d
pot
e
nt
ia
lly
ot
he
rw
i
s
e
i
mp
ai
r
p
i
n
ea
l
f
un
c
t
i
on
a
n
d
t
he
r
e
l
ea
s
e
o
f
n
a
tur
a
l
m
e
l
a
ton
i
n
.
D
i
r
ec
t
I
nv
a
s
i
on
:
S
om
e
p
a
r
a
s
i
t
e
s
ca
n
di
r
ec
tly
i
nv
ade
t
he
b
r
ai
n
t
i
ssu
e
.
F
or
i
nst
a
n
ce
,
t
he
l
a
rv
a
l
f
orm
o
f
t
he
por
k
t
a
p
e
worm
,
ae
ia
li
m
,
ca
n
l
ead
to n
e
uro
c
yst
ice
r
c
os
i
s
,
a
c
on
di
t
i
on
w
he
r
e
c
ysts
f
orm
w
i
t
hi
n
t
he
b
r
ai
n
.
hi
s
ca
n
l
ead
to
s
ei
zur
e
s
,
h
y
d
ro
ce
p
ha
lus
,
a
n
d
v
a
r
i
ous
c
o
g
n
i
t
i
v
e
di
stur
ba
n
ce
s
.
1.
I
n
f
l
a
mm
a
tory
R
e
spons
e
:
he
b
o
d
y
'
s
i
mmun
e
r
e
spons
e
to
a
p
a
r
a
s
i
t
ic
i
n
fec
t
i
on
ca
n
l
ead
to
i
n
f
l
a
mm
a
t
i
on
.
C
h
ron
ic
or
i
nt
e
ns
e
i
n
f
l
a
mm
a
t
i
on
i
n
t
he
b
r
ai
n
ca
n
di
srupt
norm
a
l
n
e
ur
a
l
f
un
c
t
i
on
,
l
eadi
n
g
to
c
o
g
n
i
t
i
v
e
i
mp
ai
rm
e
nts
.
2.
ox
i
ns
:
S
om
e
p
a
r
a
s
i
t
e
s
r
e
l
ea
s
e
tox
i
ns
t
ha
t
ca
n
be
ha
rm
f
ul
to
n
e
ur
a
l
t
i
ssu
e
,
affec
t
i
n
g
c
o
g
n
i
t
i
v
e
pro
ce
ss
e
s
.
3.
N
utr
i
t
i
on
a
l
D
eficie
n
cie
s
:
P
a
r
a
s
i
t
e
s
,
e
sp
ecia
lly
t
h
os
e
i
n
t
he
g
ut
,
ca
n
ca
us
e
m
a
l
ab
sorpt
i
on
o
f
e
ss
e
nt
ia
l
nutr
ie
nts
.
N
utr
ie
nt
deficie
n
cie
s
ca
n
i
n
di
r
ec
tly
affec
t
b
r
ai
n
f
un
c
t
i
on
.
F
or
e
x
a
mpl
e
,
i
ron
-
deficie
n
c
y
a
n
e
m
ia
,
w
hich
ca
n
r
e
sult
f
rom
ce
rt
ai
n
p
a
r
a
s
i
t
ic
i
n
fec
t
i
ons
,
ca
n
l
ead
to
fa
t
ig
u
e
,
a
tt
e
nt
i
on
diffic
ult
ie
s
,
a
n
d
ot
he
r
c
o
g
n
i
t
i
v
e
i
ssu
e
s
.
4.
S
yst
e
m
ic
I
lln
e
ss
:
S
e
v
e
r
e
p
a
r
a
s
i
t
ic
i
n
fec
t
i
ons
ca
n
l
ead
to
syst
e
m
ic
symptoms su
ch
a
s
fe
v
e
r
,
fa
t
ig
u
e
,
a
n
d
m
a
l
ai
s
e
,
w
hich
ca
n
i
n
di
r
ec
tly
affec
t
c
o
g
n
i
t
i
v
e f
un
c
t
i
on
.
5.
E
r
adica
t
i
on
o
f
C
e
rt
ai
n
P
a
r
a
s
i
t
e
s
:
N
i
t
a
zox
a
n
ide
i
s
effec
t
i
v
e
agai
nst
a
r
a
n
ge
o
f
protozo
a
n
p
a
r
a
s
i
t
e
s
.
B
y
e
l
i
m
i
n
a
t
i
n
g
t
he
sour
ce
o
f
i
n
fec
t
i
on
,
you
r
e
mov
e
t
he di
r
ec
t
a
n
d
i
n
di
r
ec
t
ca
us
e
s
o
f
c
o
g
n
i
t
i
v
e
d
ys
f
un
c
t
i
on
a
sso
cia
t
ed
w
i
t
h
t
ha
t
p
a
r
a
s
i
t
e
.
1.
8
PSILOC
BIN
D
os
e
1
:
M
ic
ro
d
os
e
o
f
400
m
g
a
s
ab
l
e
w
hi
l
e
not
m
i
x
i
n
g
w
i
t
h
M
e
t
h
yl
e
n
e
B
lu
e
d
u
e
to s
afe
ty
D
os
e
2
:
M
ont
h
ly
or
bi
-
mont
h
ly
d
os
e
o
f
4.3
g
r
a
ms
w
hi
l
e
b
l
i
n
df
ol
ded
a
n
d
ly
i
n
g
d
own
hi
l
e
hi
stor
ica
lly
i
ts
us
e
ca
n
be
tr
aced
back
to
i
n
dige
nous
c
ultur
e
s
f
or
sp
i
r
i
tu
a
l
a
n
d
r
i
tu
a
l
i
st
ic
purpos
e
s
,
mo
de
rn
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
i
s
e
xplor
i
n
g
i
ts
pot
e
nt
ia
l
be
n
efi
ts
f
or
v
a
r
i
ous psy
ch
olo
gica
l
a
n
d
n
e
urolo
gica
l
c
on
di
t
i
ons
.
P
ot
e
nt
ia
l
be
n
efi
ts
f
or
b
r
ai
n
hea
lt
h
ba
s
ed
on
e
x
i
st
i
n
g
s
cie
nt
ific
l
i
t
e
r
a
tur
e
:
A
nt
i
-
i
n
f
l
a
mm
a
tory
P
rop
e
rt
ie
s
:
A
s
m
e
nt
i
on
ed
ea
rl
ie
r
,
n
i
t
a
zox
a
n
ide
ha
s
bee
n su
gge
st
ed
to
ha
v
e
a
nt
i
-
i
n
f
l
a
mm
a
tory
prop
e
rt
ie
s
.
I
f
v
a
l
ida
t
ed
i
n
b
ro
ade
r
stu
die
s
,
t
hi
s
c
oul
d
m
ea
n
t
he
d
ru
g
not
only
tr
ea
ts
t
he
i
n
fec
t
i
on
b
ut
a
lso
r
ed
u
ce
s
t
he
b
r
ai
n
i
n
f
l
a
mm
a
t
i
on
t
ha
t
m
igh
t
a
r
i
s
e
d
u
e
to
t
he
b
o
d
y
'
s
i
mmun
e
r
e
spons
e
to
t
he
p
a
r
a
s
i
t
e
.
2.
P
ot
e
nt
ia
l
A
nt
i
v
i
r
a
l
P
rop
e
rt
ie
s
:
h
ou
gh
not
di
r
ec
tly
r
e
l
a
t
ed
to
p
a
r
a
s
i
t
ic i
n
fec
t
i
ons
,
n
i
t
a
zox
a
n
ide
'
s
a
nt
i
v
i
r
a
l
prop
e
rt
ie
s
c
oul
d
be
be
n
eficia
l
i
n
ca
s
e
s
w
he
r
e a
v
i
r
a
l
i
n
fec
t
i
on
i
s
c
o
-
c
ontr
ib
ut
i
n
g
to
n
e
urolo
gica
l
symptoms
.
3.
D
e
pr
e
ss
i
on
:
C
l
i
n
ica
l
tr
ia
ls
ha
v
e
su
gge
st
ed
t
ha
t
ps
i
lo
c
y
bi
n
ca
n
ha
v
e
r
a
p
id
a
n
d
sust
ai
n
ed
a
nt
ide
pr
e
ss
a
nt
effec
ts
i
n
p
a
t
ie
nts
w
i
t
h
tr
ea
tm
e
nt
-
r
e
s
i
st
a
nt
de
pr
e
ss
i
on
.
1.
A
nx
ie
ty
:
he
r
e
'
s
e
v
ide
n
ce
su
gge
st
i
n
g
t
ha
t
ps
i
lo
c
y
bi
n
m
igh
t
he
lp
r
ed
u
ce
a
nx
ie
ty
,
e
sp
ecia
lly
i
n
p
a
t
ie
nts
w
i
t
h
l
ife
-
t
h
r
ea
t
e
n
i
n
g
di
s
ea
s
e
s
l
ike
ca
n
ce
r
.
2.
N
e
uropl
a
st
ici
ty
:
P
r
e
l
i
m
i
n
a
ry
stu
die
s
su
gge
st
t
ha
t
ps
i
lo
c
y
bi
n
m
a
y
promot
e
n
e
uropl
a
st
ici
ty
,
t
he
b
r
ai
n
'
s
abi
l
i
ty
to
f
orm
a
n
d
r
e
or
ga
n
i
z
e
syn
a
pt
ic
c
onn
ec
t
i
ons
,
e
sp
ecia
lly
d
ur
i
n
g
l
ea
rn
i
n
g
or
f
ollow
i
n
g
a
n
i
n
j
ury
.
3.
A
ddic
t
i
on
:
R
e
s
ea
r
ch
ha
s
s
h
own
pot
e
nt
ia
l
f
or
ps
i
lo
c
y
bi
n
i
n
tr
ea
t
i
n
g
su
b
st
a
n
ce
us
e
di
sor
de
rs
,
i
n
c
lu
di
n
g
a
l
c
o
h
ol
a
n
d
to
bacc
o
addic
t
i
on
.
4.
O
b
s
e
ss
i
v
e
-
C
ompuls
i
v
e
D
i
sor
de
r
(
OCD
)
:
S
om
e
ea
rly
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
i
n
dica
t
e
s
t
ha
t ps
i
lo
c
y
bi
n
m
igh
t
be
be
n
eficia
l
f
or
i
n
di
v
id
u
a
ls
w
i
t
h
OCD
,
a
lt
h
ou
gh
mor
e c
ompr
ehe
ns
i
v
e
stu
die
s
a
r
e
n
eeded
.
5.
E
n
d
-
o
f
-
L
ife
P
sy
ch
olo
gica
l
D
i
str
e
ss
:
S
tu
die
s
ha
v
e
s
h
own
t
ha
t
ps
i
lo
c
y
bi
n
ca
n s
ig
n
ifica
ntly
r
ed
u
ce
e
x
i
st
e
nt
ia
l
a
nx
ie
ty
a
n
d
de
pr
e
ss
i
on
i
n
p
a
t
ie
nts
w
i
t
h
t
e
rm
i
n
a
l
i
lln
e
ss
e
s
.
6.
E
n
ha
n
ced
C
r
ea
t
i
v
i
ty
:
A
n
ecd
ot
a
l
r
e
ports
a
n
d
som
e
stu
die
s
su
gge
st
t
ha
t ps
i
lo
c
y
bi
n
ca
n
e
n
ha
n
ce
c
r
ea
t
i
v
i
ty
a
n
d
di
v
e
r
ge
nt
t
hi
n
ki
n
g
,
a
lt
h
ou
gh
t
he
s
e
effec
ts
a
r
e
typ
ica
lly
tr
a
ns
ie
nt
.
7.
9
KE
OGENICDIE
/
IN
ERMI
EN
FAS
ING
O
r
igi
n
a
lly
de
v
e
lop
ed
a
s
a
tr
ea
tm
e
nt
f
or
e
p
i
l
e
psy
,
e
sp
ecia
lly
i
n
p
a
t
ie
nts
w
h
o
did
n
'
t r
e
spon
d
to
c
onv
e
nt
i
on
a
l
a
nt
i
-
s
ei
zur
e
m
edica
t
i
ons
,
i
t
ha
s
s
i
n
ce
gai
n
ed
a
tt
e
nt
i
on
f
or
i
ts pot
e
nt
ia
l
be
n
efi
ts
f
or
b
r
ai
n
hea
lt
h
a
n
d
ot
he
r
c
on
di
t
i
ons
.
H
e
r
e
a
r
e
som
e
pot
e
nt
ia
l
be
n
efi
ts
o
f
t
he
ke
to
ge
n
ic
die
t
on
b
r
ai
n
hea
lt
h
:
E
g
o
D
i
ssolut
i
on
:
P
s
i
lo
c
y
bi
n
ca
n
i
n
d
u
ce
a
st
a
t
e
w
he
r
e
on
e
los
e
s
t
he
s
e
ns
e
o
f
s
e
l
f
,
k
nown
a
s
"
eg
o
di
ssolut
i
on
."
hi
s
e
xp
e
r
ie
n
ce
,
w
he
n
g
u
ided
prop
e
rly
,
ca
n l
ead
to
i
ns
igh
ts
,
i
n
c
r
ea
s
ed
w
e
ll
-
bei
n
g
,
a
n
d
a
s
e
ns
e
o
f
i
nt
e
r
c
onn
ec
t
ed
n
e
ss
.
8.
P
ot
e
nt
ia
l
C
onn
ec
t
i
v
i
ty
C
ha
n
ge
s
:
N
e
uro
i
m
agi
n
g
stu
die
s
ha
v
e
s
h
own
t
ha
t ps
i
lo
c
y
bi
n
ca
n
a
lt
e
r
t
he
usu
a
l
c
onn
ec
t
i
v
i
ty
p
a
tt
e
rns
i
n
t
he
b
r
ai
n
,
l
eadi
n
g
to
i
n
c
r
ea
s
ed
syn
ch
ron
i
z
a
t
i
on
be
tw
ee
n
diffe
r
e
nt
b
r
ai
n
r
egi
ons
t
ha
t
d
on
'
t
typ
ica
lly
c
ommun
ica
t
e
c
los
e
ly
.
hi
s
c
oul
d
pl
a
y
a
rol
e
i
n
som
e
o
f
t
he
t
he
r
a
p
e
ut
ic
effec
ts
a
n
d
t
he
pro
f
oun
d
e
xp
e
r
ie
n
ce
s
us
e
rs
r
e
port
.
9.
P
ost
-
r
a
um
a
t
ic
S
tr
e
ss
D
i
sor
de
r
(
P
SD
)
:
hi
l
e
mor
e
c
ommonly
a
sso
cia
t
ed
w
i
t
h
MDMA
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
,
t
he
r
e
i
s
i
nt
e
r
e
st
i
n
stu
d
y
i
n
g
ps
i
lo
c
y
bi
n
'
s
pot
e
nt
ia
l
be
n
efi
ts
f
or
i
n
di
v
id
u
a
ls
w
i
t
h
P
SD
.
10.
C
lust
e
r
H
eadache
s
:
S
om
e
a
n
ecd
ot
a
l
r
e
ports
su
gge
st
t
ha
t
ps
i
lo
c
y
bi
n
m
igh
t
he
lp
a
ll
e
v
ia
t
e
c
lust
e
r
headache
s
,
o
f
t
e
n
de
s
c
r
ibed
a
s
on
e
o
f
t
he
most
p
ai
n
f
ul
c
on
di
t
i
ons
a
p
e
rson
ca
n
e
xp
e
r
ie
n
ce
.
11.
E
p
i
l
e
psy
M
a
n
age
m
e
nt
:
he
most
w
e
ll
-
d
o
c
um
e
nt
ed
a
n
d
hi
stor
ica
lly
s
ig
n
ifica
nt us
e
o
f
t
he
ke
to
ge
n
ic
die
t
i
s
f
or
t
he
tr
ea
tm
e
nt
o
f
d
ru
g
-
r
e
s
i
st
a
nt
e
p
i
l
e
psy
.
he
die
t
ha
s
bee
n
s
h
own
to
s
ig
n
ifica
ntly
r
ed
u
ce
s
ei
zur
e
f
r
e
qu
e
n
c
y
i
n
m
a
ny
i
n
di
v
id
u
a
ls
,
e
sp
ecia
lly
i
n
chi
l
d
r
e
n
.
1.
N
e
uroprot
ec
t
i
on
:
K
e
ton
e
s
,
w
hich
t
he
b
o
d
y
pro
d
u
ce
s
i
n
l
a
r
ge
a
mounts
on
t
he ke
to
ge
n
ic
die
t
,
m
igh
t
ha
v
e
n
e
uroprot
ec
t
i
v
e
effec
ts
.
B
e
t
a
-
h
y
d
roxy
b
utyr
a
t
e
(
BHB
),
a
m
aj
or
ke
ton
e
,
ha
s
bee
n
s
h
own
to
he
lp
n
e
urons
r
e
s
i
st
m
e
t
ab
ol
ic
a
n
d
ox
ida
t
i
v
e
str
e
ss
,
pot
e
nt
ia
lly
o
ffe
r
i
n
g
prot
ec
t
i
on
agai
nst
a
v
a
r
ie
ty
o
f
n
e
urolo
gica
l
di
sor
de
rs
.
2.
M
i
to
ch
on
d
r
ia
l
S
upport
:
M
i
to
ch
on
d
r
ia
a
r
e
t
he
e
n
e
r
g
y
-
pro
d
u
ci
n
g
stru
c
tur
e
s
i
n
ce
lls
,
a
n
d
t
hei
r
hea
lt
h
i
s
v
i
t
a
l
f
or
n
e
uron
f
un
c
t
i
on
.
he
r
e
'
s
e
v
ide
n
ce
su
gge
st
i
n
g
t
ha
t
t
he
ke
to
ge
n
ic
die
t
supports
m
i
to
ch
on
d
r
ia
l
f
un
c
t
i
on
a
n
d
st
i
mul
a
t
e
s
t
he
pro
d
u
c
t
i
on
o
f
n
e
w
m
i
to
ch
on
d
r
ia
i
n
b
r
ai
n
ce
lls
.
3.
10
OMEGA
3
FA
ACIDS
S
our
ce
s
o
f
qu
a
l
i
ty
O
m
ega
3
F
a
tty
A
cid
s
:
R
ed
u
ced
B
r
ai
n
I
n
f
l
a
mm
a
t
i
on
:
he
ke
to
ge
n
ic
die
t
m
igh
t
ha
v
e
a
nt
i
-
i
n
f
l
a
mm
a
tory
effec
ts
i
n
t
he
b
r
ai
n
.
S
om
e
stu
die
s
su
gge
st
t
ha
t
ke
ton
e
s
r
ed
u
ce
t
he
pro
d
u
c
t
i
on
o
f i
n
f
l
a
mm
a
tory
c
yto
ki
n
e
s
a
n
d
suppr
e
ss
i
n
f
l
a
mm
a
t
i
on
-
promot
i
n
g
p
a
t
h
w
a
ys
i
n
t
he b
r
ai
n
.
4.
N
e
uro
dege
n
e
r
a
t
i
v
e
D
i
s
ea
s
e
s
:
he
r
e
'
s
g
row
i
n
g
i
nt
e
r
e
st
i
n
t
he
pot
e
nt
ia
l
o
f
t
he ke
to
ge
n
ic
die
t
to
m
a
n
age
or
e
v
e
n
pr
e
v
e
nt
n
e
uro
dege
n
e
r
a
t
i
v
e
di
sor
de
rs
l
ike
A
lz
hei
m
e
r
'
s
a
n
d
P
a
r
ki
nson
'
s
di
s
ea
s
e
.
hi
l
e
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
i
s
st
i
ll
i
n
ea
rly
st
age
s
,
som
e
stu
die
s
ha
v
e
s
h
own
c
o
g
n
i
t
i
v
e
i
mprov
e
m
e
nt
i
n
p
a
t
ie
nts
w
i
t
h
A
lz
hei
m
e
r
'
s
di
s
ea
s
e
w
he
n
f
ollow
i
n
g
a
ke
to
ge
n
ic
die
t
a
ry
a
ppro
ach
.
5.
B
r
ai
n
umors
:
S
om
e
pr
e
l
i
m
i
n
a
ry
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
su
gge
sts
t
ha
t
t
he
ke
to
ge
n
ic
die
t m
igh
t
slow
t
he
pro
g
r
e
ss
i
on
o
f
m
a
l
ig
n
a
nt
b
r
ai
n
tumors
.
C
a
n
ce
r
ce
lls
,
e
sp
ecia
lly
ce
rt
ai
n
b
r
ai
n
tumors
,
pr
i
m
a
r
i
ly
r
e
ly
on
g
lu
c
os
e
f
or
e
n
e
r
g
y
.
B
y
de
pr
i
v
i
n
g
t
he
m
o
f g
lu
c
os
e
a
n
d
i
n
c
r
ea
s
i
n
g
ke
ton
e
s
(
w
hich
t
he
y
ca
n
'
t
us
e
a
s
efficie
ntly
),
t
he ke
to
ge
n
ic
die
t
c
oul
d
t
he
or
e
t
ica
lly
slow
tumor
g
rowt
h
.
6.
M
oo
d
a
n
d
B
eha
v
i
or
:
S
om
e
stu
die
s
a
n
d
a
n
ecd
ot
a
l
r
e
ports
su
gge
st
t
ha
t
t
he ke
to
ge
n
ic
die
t
ca
n
i
mprov
e
moo
d
a
n
d
st
abi
l
i
z
e
beha
v
i
or
a
l
di
sor
de
rs
.
hi
s
c
oul
d be
d
u
e
to
t
he
die
t
'
s
effec
ts
on
n
e
urotr
a
nsm
i
tt
e
r
ba
l
a
n
ce
,
b
r
ai
n
i
n
f
l
a
mm
a
t
i
on
,
or ot
he
r
m
echa
n
i
sms
.
7.
C
o
g
n
i
t
i
v
e
F
un
c
t
i
on
:
he
r
e
'
s
som
e
e
v
ide
n
ce
,
pr
i
m
a
r
i
ly
f
rom
a
n
i
m
a
l
stu
die
s
,
t
ha
t t
he
ke
to
ge
n
ic
die
t
ca
n
e
n
ha
n
ce
c
o
g
n
i
t
i
v
e
f
un
c
t
i
on
,
i
mprov
e
m
e
mory
,
a
n
d i
n
c
r
ea
s
e
a
l
e
rtn
e
ss
.
H
ow
e
v
e
r
,
mor
e
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
i
s
n
eeded
to
de
t
e
rm
i
n
e
i
ts
i
mp
ac
t
on
h
um
a
n
c
o
g
n
i
t
i
on
,
e
sp
ecia
lly
lon
g
t
e
rm
.
8.
r
a
um
a
t
ic
B
r
ai
n
I
n
j
ury
:
P
r
e
l
i
m
i
n
a
ry
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
i
n
dica
t
e
s
t
ha
t
a
ke
to
ge
n
ic a
ppro
ach
m
igh
t
ha
v
e
t
he
r
a
p
e
ut
ic
be
n
efi
ts
f
ollow
i
n
g
tr
a
um
a
t
ic
b
r
ai
n
i
n
j
ur
ie
s
,
pot
e
nt
ia
lly
aidi
n
g
r
ec
ov
e
ry
a
n
d
r
ed
u
ci
n
g
symptoms
.
9.
M
ig
r
ai
n
e
:
S
om
e
i
n
di
v
id
u
a
ls
r
e
port
fe
w
e
r
m
ig
r
ai
n
e
a
tt
ack
s
w
hi
l
e
f
ollow
i
n
g
a ke
to
ge
n
ic
die
t
,
w
hich
m
a
y
be
d
u
e
to
st
ab
l
e
b
loo
d
su
ga
r
l
e
v
e
ls
,
r
ed
u
ced i
n
f
l
a
mm
a
t
i
on
,
or
ot
he
r
fac
tors
.
10.
F
a
tty
F
i
s
h
:
he
s
e
a
r
e
t
he
most
pot
e
nt
sour
ce
s
o
f
om
ega
-3
s
,
e
sp
ecia
lly
EPA
(
eic
os
a
p
e
nt
ae
no
ic
acid
)
a
n
d
DHA
(
d
o
c
os
ahe
x
ae
no
ic
acid
).
1.
O
yst
e
rs
:
a
lso
a
g
oo
d
sour
ce
o
f
z
i
n
c
,
i
ron
,
B
-12,
c
opp
e
r
,
s
e
l
e
n
i
um
,
a
n
d
low
e
r
i
n
m
e
r
c
ury
t
ha
n
most
ot
he
r
fi
s
h
.
11
O
m
ega
-3
fa
tty
acid
s
,
p
a
rt
ic
ul
a
rly
eic
os
a
p
e
nt
ae
no
ic
acid
(
EPA
)
a
n
d
d
o
c
os
ahe
x
ae
no
ic acid
(
DHA
),
ha
v
e
bee
n
e
xt
e
ns
i
v
e
ly
r
e
s
ea
r
ched
f
or
t
hei
r
pot
e
nt
ia
l
hea
lt
h
be
n
efi
ts
,
i
n
c
lu
di
n
g
t
h
os
e
r
e
l
a
t
ed
to
b
r
ai
n
hea
lt
h
.
H
e
r
e
'
s
a
run
d
own
o
f
h
ow
t
he
s
e
fa
tty
acid
s m
igh
t
promot
e
b
r
ai
n
hea
lt
h
a
n
d
pot
e
nt
ia
lly
pr
e
v
e
nt
n
e
uro
dege
n
e
r
a
t
i
v
e
di
s
ea
s
e
s
:
S
a
lmon
:
i
l
d
-
ca
u
gh
t
i
s
e
sp
ecia
lly
r
ich
i
n
om
ega
-3
s
.
M
acke
r
e
l
:
H
igh
i
n
om
ega
-3
a
n
d
g
r
ea
t
f
or
hea
rt
hea
lt
h
.
S
a
r
di
n
e
s
:
S
m
a
ll
a
n
d
o
i
ly
,
t
he
y
'
r
e
a
lso
r
ich
i
n
v
i
t
a
m
i
n
D
.
H
e
rr
i
n
g
:
O
f
t
e
n
ea
t
e
n
p
ick
l
ed
b
ut
a
lso
a
v
ai
l
ab
l
e
f
r
e
s
h
or
f
roz
e
n
.
A
n
ch
ov
ie
s
:
i
ny
fi
s
h
t
ha
t
a
r
e
o
f
t
e
n
f
oun
d
on
p
i
zz
a
s
a
n
d
i
n
C
ae
s
a
r
s
a
l
ad
s
.
rout
:
E
sp
ecia
lly
r
ai
n
b
ow
trout
,
w
hich
i
s
high
i
n
om
ega
-3.
A
l
bac
or
e
un
a
:
E
sp
ecia
lly
w
he
n
i
t
'
s
w
i
l
d
-
ca
u
gh
t
.
P
l
a
nt
-
B
a
s
ed
S
our
ce
s
:
he
s
e
pr
i
m
a
r
i
ly
prov
ide
ALA
(
a
lp
ha
-
l
i
nol
e
n
ic
acid
),
w
hich
t
he
b
o
d
y
ca
n
c
onv
e
rt
to
EPA
a
n
d
DHA
,
b
ut
t
he
c
onv
e
rs
i
on
r
a
t
e
i
s
l
i
m
i
t
ed
.
2.
C
hia
S
eed
s
:
C
a
n
be
added
to
yo
g
urt
,
smoot
hie
s
,
a
n
d
baked
g
oo
d
s
.
F
l
a
xs
eed
s
:
B
e
st
w
he
n
f
r
e
s
h
ly
g
roun
d
a
n
d
ca
n
be
added
to
a
v
a
r
ie
ty
o
f di
s
he
s
.
H
e
mp
S
eed
s
:
he
s
e
ca
n
be
spr
i
n
k
l
ed
on
s
a
l
ad
s
,
yo
g
urts
,
or
b
l
e
n
ded
i
nto smoot
hie
s
.
a
lnuts
:
G
r
ea
t
a
s
a
sn
ack
or
a
s
a
n
addi
t
i
on
to
di
s
he
s
f
or
a
c
run
ch
.
A
l
ga
l
O
i
l
:
D
e
r
i
v
ed
f
rom
a
l
gae
,
i
t
'
s
a
v
ega
n
sour
ce
o
f
DHA
a
n
d
ca
n
be
f
oun
d a
s
a
suppl
e
m
e
nt
.
E
gg
s
:
S
om
e
egg
s
a
r
e
f
ort
ified
w
i
t
h
DHA
,
o
f
t
e
n
l
abe
l
ed
a
s
om
ega
-3
e
nr
iched
.
3.
K
r
i
ll
O
i
l
:
D
e
r
i
v
ed
f
rom
t
i
ny
s
h
r
i
mp
-
l
ike
c
r
ea
tur
e
s
,
k
r
i
ll
o
i
l
i
s
a
not
he
r
sour
ce
o
f
EPA
a
n
d
DHA
.
I
t
a
lso
c
ont
ai
ns
a
st
a
x
a
nt
hi
n
,
a
pow
e
r
f
ul
a
nt
i
ox
ida
nt
.
4.
G
r
a
ss
-
F
ed
M
ea
t
:
M
ea
t
f
rom
a
n
i
m
a
ls
t
ha
t
ha
v
e
bee
n
fed
g
r
a
ss
r
a
t
he
r
t
ha
n
g
r
ai
n t
e
n
d
s
to
ha
v
e
a
highe
r
om
ega
-3
c
ont
e
nt
.
5.
E
da
m
a
m
e
:
oun
g
soy
bea
ns
a
r
e
not
only
r
ich
i
n
prot
ei
n
b
ut
a
lso
prov
ide
a
g
oo
d a
mount
o
f
ALA
.
6.
C
a
nol
a
O
i
l
:
I
t
'
s
a
v
e
rs
a
t
i
l
e
c
oo
ki
n
g
o
i
l
t
ha
t
c
ont
ai
ns
a
dece
nt
a
mount
o
f
ALA
.
7.
H
e
mp
O
i
l
:
H
igh
i
n
om
ega
-3
a
n
d
ca
n
be
us
ed
i
n
s
a
l
ad
s
a
n
d
d
r
e
ss
i
n
g
s
.
8.
S
ea
w
eed
&
A
l
gae
:
E
sp
ecia
lly
be
n
eficia
l
f
or
v
ege
t
a
r
ia
ns
a
n
d
v
ega
ns
.
S
p
i
rul
i
n
a a
n
d
ch
lor
e
ll
a
a
r
e
two
e
x
a
mpl
e
s
.
9.
B
russ
e
ls
S
prouts
:
C
ont
ai
n
ALA
a
n
d
ca
n
c
ontr
ib
ut
e
to
your
om
ega
-3
i
nt
ake
w
he
n
i
n
c
lu
ded
a
s
p
a
rt
o
f
a
ba
l
a
n
ced
die
t
.
10.
12
N
RI
IONAL
EAS
D
os
e
:
D
ai
ly
2-5
t
ab
l
e
spoons
w
i
t
h
f
oo
d
C
ha
s
e
ʼ
s
B
r
a
n
d
:
B
o
b
ʼ
s
R
ed
M
i
ll
(
G
lut
e
n
F
r
ee
)
N
e
uroprot
ec
t
i
on
:
DHA
i
s
on
e
o
f
t
he
m
ai
n
stru
c
tur
a
l
c
ompon
e
nts
o
f
t
he
b
r
ai
n
,
e
sp
ecia
lly
t
he
ce
r
eb
r
a
l
c
ort
e
x
,
t
he
r
egi
on
a
sso
cia
t
ed
w
i
t
h
m
e
mory
,
l
a
n
g
u
age
,
c
r
ea
t
i
v
i
ty
,
e
mot
i
on
,
a
n
d
a
tt
e
nt
i
on
.
M
ai
nt
ai
n
i
n
g
ade
qu
a
t
e
l
e
v
e
ls
o
f
DHA
ca
n
he
lp
e
nsur
e
t
ha
t
t
he
s
e
b
r
ai
n
stru
c
tur
e
s
f
un
c
t
i
on
opt
i
m
a
lly
.
1.
A
nt
i
-
i
n
f
l
a
mm
a
tory
E
ffec
ts
:
C
h
ron
ic
i
n
f
l
a
mm
a
t
i
on
i
s
be
l
ie
v
ed
to
c
ontr
ib
ut
e
to n
e
uro
dege
n
e
r
a
t
i
v
e
di
s
ea
s
e
s
l
ike
A
lz
hei
m
e
r
'
s
.
O
m
ega
-3
fa
tty
acid
s
ha
v
e
bee
n s
h
own
to
pro
d
u
ce
bi
o
ac
t
i
v
e
m
e
t
ab
ol
i
t
e
s
a
n
d
m
edia
tors
t
ha
t
he
lp
r
ed
u
ce i
n
f
l
a
mm
a
t
i
on
.
2.
P
romot
i
on
o
f
S
yn
a
pt
ic
P
l
a
st
ici
ty
a
n
d
N
e
uro
ge
n
e
s
i
s
:
O
m
ega
-3
fa
tty
acid
s
he
lp
promot
e
t
he
g
rowt
h
o
f
n
e
uron
a
l
t
i
ssu
e
s
,
c
onn
ec
t
i
v
i
ty
be
tw
ee
n
n
e
urons
,
a
n
d e
v
e
n
t
he
r
ege
n
e
r
a
t
i
on
o
f
b
r
ai
n
ce
lls
.
hi
s
n
e
uropl
a
st
ici
ty
ca
n
l
ead
to
i
mprov
ed c
o
g
n
i
t
i
v
e
f
un
c
t
i
on
a
n
d
m
a
y
he
lp
i
n
t
he
pr
e
v
e
nt
i
on
o
f
n
e
uro
dege
n
e
r
a
t
i
v
e c
on
di
t
i
ons
.
3.
R
ed
u
c
t
i
on
o
f
B
e
t
a
-
A
mylo
id
P
l
a
qu
e
s
:
B
u
i
l
d
-
up
o
f
t
he
s
e
pl
a
qu
e
s
i
s
a
ha
llm
a
r
k
o
f
A
lz
hei
m
e
r
'
s
di
s
ea
s
e
.
S
om
e
a
n
i
m
a
l
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
su
gge
sts
t
ha
t
om
ega
-3
fa
tty
acid
s
ca
n
r
ed
u
ce
t
he
pro
d
u
c
t
i
on
a
n
d
acc
umul
a
t
i
on
o
f
be
t
a
-
a
mylo
id
pl
a
qu
e
s
i
n
t
he b
r
ai
n
.
4.
I
mprov
e
m
e
nt
o
f
B
loo
d
F
low
:
O
m
ega
-3
fa
tty
acid
s
ca
n
i
mprov
e
b
loo
d
f
low
d
ur
i
n
g
m
e
nt
a
l
t
a
s
k
s
.
E
n
ha
n
ced
b
loo
d
f
low
e
nsur
e
s
t
ha
t
t
he
b
r
ai
n
r
ecei
v
e
s
t
he
n
ece
ss
a
ry
nutr
ie
nts
a
n
d
oxy
ge
n
i
t
r
e
qu
i
r
e
s
f
or
opt
i
mum
f
un
c
t
i
on
.
5.
M
oo
d
a
n
d
B
eha
v
i
or
:
A
de
qu
a
t
e
om
ega
-3
i
nt
ake
ha
s
bee
n
a
sso
cia
t
ed
w
i
t
h
r
ed
u
ced
r
i
s
k
s
o
f
de
pr
e
ss
i
v
e
di
sor
de
rs
.
S
i
n
ce
de
pr
e
ss
i
on
ha
s
bee
n
l
i
n
ked
w
i
t
h
a highe
r
r
i
s
k
o
f
c
o
g
n
i
t
i
v
e
dec
l
i
n
e
,
om
ega
-3'
s
rol
e
i
n
moo
d
r
eg
ul
a
t
i
on
ca
n
i
n
di
r
ec
tly support
c
o
g
n
i
t
i
v
e
hea
lt
h
.
6.
P
rot
ec
t
i
on
o
f
C
e
ll
M
e
m
b
r
a
n
e
s
:
O
m
ega
-3
fa
tty
acid
s
a
r
e
i
n
c
orpor
a
t
ed
i
nto
ce
ll m
e
m
b
r
a
n
e
s
a
n
d
e
nsur
e
f
lu
idi
ty
.
F
lu
id
ce
ll
m
e
m
b
r
a
n
e
s
a
r
e
e
ss
e
nt
ia
l
f
or n
e
urotr
a
nsm
i
ss
i
on
a
n
d
ov
e
r
a
ll
prop
e
r
n
e
uron
a
l
f
un
c
t
i
on
.
7.
R
eg
ul
a
t
i
on
o
f
N
e
urotr
a
nsm
i
tt
e
rs
:
O
m
ega
-3
fa
tty
acid
s
ca
n
i
n
f
lu
e
n
ce
t
he
r
e
l
ea
s
e
a
n
d
upt
ake
o
f
n
e
urotr
a
nsm
i
tt
e
rs
l
ike
d
op
a
m
i
n
e
a
n
d
s
e
roton
i
n
,
w
hich
pl
a
y
c
ru
cia
l
rol
e
s
i
n
moo
d
,
sl
ee
p
,
a
n
d
c
o
g
n
i
t
i
v
e
pro
ce
ss
e
s
.
8.
13
N
utr
i
t
i
on
a
l
y
ea
st
,
a
deac
t
i
v
a
t
ed
f
orm
o
f
t
he
S
accha
romy
ce
s
ce
r
e
v
i
s
iae
y
ea
st
,
i
s
a
st
a
pl
e
i
n
m
a
ny
v
ege
t
a
r
ia
n
a
n
d
v
ega
n
die
ts
d
u
e
to
i
ts
chee
sy
f
l
a
vor
a
n
d
r
ich
nutr
ie
nt pro
fi
l
e
.
I
t
o
ffe
rs
s
e
v
e
r
a
l
pot
e
nt
ia
l
be
n
efi
ts
f
or
b
r
ai
n
hea
lt
h
:
C
RC
MIN
D
os
e
:
444
m
g
dai
ly
R
ich
i
n
B
i
t
a
m
i
ns
:
N
utr
i
t
i
on
a
l
y
ea
st
i
s
a
n
e
x
ce
ll
e
nt
sour
ce
o
f
B
v
i
t
a
m
i
ns
,
w
hich
pl
a
y
a
p
i
vot
a
l
rol
e
i
n
b
r
ai
n
hea
lt
h
.
1.
i
t
a
m
i
n
B
1
(
hia
m
i
n
e
)
:
E
ss
e
nt
ia
l
f
or
c
onv
e
rt
i
n
g
g
lu
c
os
e
i
nto
e
n
e
r
g
y
,
t
hia
m
i
n
e
pl
a
ys
a
rol
e
i
n
n
e
rv
e
f
un
c
t
i
on
a
n
d
ca
n
i
n
f
lu
e
n
ce
moo
d
a
n
d
m
e
mory
.
i
t
a
m
i
n
B
2
(
R
ib
o
f
l
a
v
i
n
)
:
hi
s
v
i
t
a
m
i
n
i
s
c
ru
cia
l
f
or
b
r
ai
n
de
v
e
lopm
e
nt
a
n
d f
un
c
t
i
on
a
n
d
m
a
y
he
lp
r
ed
u
ce
t
he
r
i
s
k
o
f
ce
rt
ai
n
n
e
uro
dege
n
e
r
a
t
i
v
e di
s
ea
s
e
s
.
i
t
a
m
i
n
B
3
(
N
iaci
n
)
:
I
t
ha
s
bee
n
stu
died
f
or
i
ts
rol
e
i
n
prot
ec
t
i
n
g
agai
nst
A
lz
hei
m
e
r
'
s
di
s
ea
s
e
a
n
d
age
-
r
e
l
a
t
ed
b
r
ai
n
dec
l
i
n
e
.
i
t
a
m
i
n
B
6
:
i
t
a
l
f
or
t
he
pro
d
u
c
t
i
on
o
f
n
e
urotr
a
nsm
i
tt
e
rs
,
w
hich
a
r
e che
m
ica
ls
t
ha
t
tr
a
nsm
i
t
s
ig
n
a
ls
be
tw
ee
n
n
e
rv
e
ce
lls
.
i
t
a
m
i
n
B
12
:
hi
s
v
i
t
a
m
i
n
i
s
e
ss
e
nt
ia
l
f
or
n
e
rv
e
f
un
c
t
i
on
,
a
n
d
deficie
n
cie
s
ca
n
l
ead
to
c
o
g
n
i
t
i
v
e
di
stur
ba
n
ce
s
.
C
ont
ai
ns
r
ace
M
i
n
e
r
a
ls
:
N
utr
i
t
i
on
a
l
y
ea
st
a
lso
c
ont
ai
ns
tr
ace
m
i
n
e
r
a
ls
l
ike
z
i
n
c a
n
d
s
e
l
e
n
i
um
.
2.
i
n
c
:
I
mport
a
nt
f
or
b
r
ai
n
f
un
c
t
i
on
a
n
d
pl
a
ys
a
rol
e
i
n
l
ea
rn
i
n
g
a
n
d
m
e
mory
.
S
e
l
e
n
i
um
:
hi
s
a
nt
i
ox
ida
nt
he
lps
prot
ec
t
t
he
b
r
ai
n
f
rom
ox
ida
t
i
v
e
str
e
ss
.
G
lut
a
t
hi
on
e
P
r
ec
ursors
:
N
utr
i
t
i
on
a
l
y
ea
st
ca
n
be
a
sour
ce
o
f
g
lut
a
t
hi
on
e
pr
ec
ursors
.
G
lut
a
t
hi
on
e
i
s
a
n
a
nt
i
ox
ida
nt
t
ha
t
prot
ec
ts
ce
lls
f
rom
da
m
age
a
n
d
m
a
y
ha
v
e
p
a
rt
ic
ul
a
r
be
n
efi
ts
f
or
b
r
ai
n
hea
lt
h
.
3.
S
our
ce
o
f
P
rot
ei
n
:
P
rot
ei
n
i
s
e
ss
e
nt
ia
l
f
or
b
u
i
l
di
n
g
a
n
d
r
e
p
ai
r
i
n
g
t
i
ssu
e
s
,
i
n
c
lu
di
n
g
t
h
os
e
i
n
t
he
b
r
ai
n
.
N
utr
i
t
i
on
a
l
y
ea
st
c
ont
ai
ns
a
ll
n
i
n
e
e
ss
e
nt
ia
l
a
m
i
no
acid
s
,
m
aki
n
g
i
t
a
c
ompl
e
t
e
prot
ei
n
sour
ce
.
4.
P
ot
e
nt
ia
l
N
e
uroprot
ec
t
i
v
e
P
rop
e
rt
ie
s
:
S
om
e
pr
e
l
i
m
i
n
a
ry
stu
die
s
ha
v
e
su
gge
st
ed
t
ha
t
c
ompoun
d
s
f
oun
d
i
n
y
ea
st
,
l
ike
be
t
a
-
g
lu
ca
ns
,
m
igh
t
ha
v
e
n
e
uroprot
ec
t
i
v
e
prop
e
rt
ie
s
,
b
ut
mor
e
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
i
s
n
eeded
i
n
t
hi
s
a
r
ea
.
5.
F
ol
a
t
e
:
N
utr
i
t
i
on
a
l
y
ea
st
i
s
o
f
t
e
n
f
ort
ified
w
i
t
h
f
ol
a
t
e
(
v
i
t
a
m
i
n
B
9).
A
de
qu
a
t
e f
ol
a
t
e
i
nt
ake
d
ur
i
n
g
pr
eg
n
a
n
c
y
i
s
c
ru
cia
l
f
or
pr
e
v
e
nt
i
n
g
n
e
ur
a
l
tu
be
defec
ts
,
a
n
d i
n
ad
ults
,
i
t
m
a
y
pl
a
y
a
rol
e
i
n
moo
d
r
eg
ul
a
t
i
on
a
n
d
c
o
g
n
i
t
i
v
e
f
un
c
t
i
on
.
6.
14
M
e
t
h
o
d
:
S
uppos
i
tory
i
n
morn
i
n
g
C
ha
s
e
ʼ
s
P
r
efe
rr
ed
B
r
a
n
d
:
h
ttps
://
www
.
a
m
a
zon
.
c
om
/
e
tp
i
l
-
C
ur
c
um
i
n
-
S
ust
ai
n
ed
-
R
e
l
ea
s
e
-
S
uppos
i
tor
ie
s
/
d
p
/
B
074
B
8
F
4
he
B
e
n
efi
ts
o
f
C
ur
c
um
i
n
:
A
nt
i
-
i
n
f
l
a
mm
a
tory
P
rop
e
rt
ie
s
:
O
n
e
o
f
t
he
ha
llm
a
r
k
s
o
f
c
ur
c
um
i
n
'
s
pot
e
nt
ia
l
hea
lt
h
be
n
efi
ts
i
s
i
ts
a
nt
i
-
i
n
f
l
a
mm
a
tory
effec
ts
.
C
h
ron
ic
i
n
f
l
a
mm
a
t
i
on
i
s
be
l
ie
v
ed
to
pl
a
y
a
c
ru
cia
l
rol
e
i
n
m
a
ny
n
e
uro
dege
n
e
r
a
t
i
v
e
di
s
ea
s
e
s
,
i
n
c
lu
di
n
g
A
lz
hei
m
e
r
'
s
di
s
ea
s
e
.
B
y
mo
d
ul
a
t
i
n
g
i
n
f
l
a
mm
a
tory
p
a
t
h
w
a
ys
,
c
ur
c
um
i
n
ca
n
pot
e
nt
ia
lly
he
lp prot
ec
t
t
he
b
r
ai
n
.
1.
A
nt
i
ox
ida
nt
A
c
t
i
v
i
ty
:
O
x
ida
t
i
v
e
str
e
ss
,
r
e
sult
i
n
g
f
rom
a
n
i
m
ba
l
a
n
ce
be
tw
ee
n
f
r
ee
r
adica
ls
a
n
d
t
he
b
o
d
y
'
s
abi
l
i
ty
to
c
ount
e
r
ac
t
t
he
m
,
ca
n
da
m
age
n
e
uron
a
l
ce
lls
.
C
ur
c
um
i
n
ac
ts
a
s
a
pow
e
r
f
ul
a
nt
i
ox
ida
nt
,
n
e
utr
a
l
i
z
i
n
g
f
r
ee
r
adica
ls
a
n
d
a
lso
b
oost
i
n
g
t
he
b
o
d
y
'
s
own
a
nt
i
ox
ida
nt
e
nzym
e
s
.
2.
A
mylo
id
P
l
a
qu
e
R
ed
u
c
t
i
on
:
A
cc
umul
a
t
i
on
o
f
be
t
a
-
a
mylo
id
pl
a
qu
e
s
i
s
a cha
r
ac
t
e
r
i
st
ic
o
f
A
lz
hei
m
e
r
'
s
di
s
ea
s
e
.
C
ur
c
um
i
n
ca
n
he
lp
c
l
ea
r
t
he
s
e
pl
a
qu
e
s
,
acc
or
di
n
g
to
som
e
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
.
3.
B
oosts
B
r
ai
n
-
D
e
r
i
v
ed
N
e
urotrop
hic
F
ac
tor
(
BDNF
)
:
BDNF
i
s
a
typ
e
o
f
g
rowt
h h
ormon
e
t
ha
t
f
un
c
t
i
ons
i
n
t
he
b
r
ai
n
a
n
d
pl
a
ys
a
ke
y
rol
e
i
n
n
e
uron
a
l
surv
i
v
a
l
a
n
d g
rowt
h
.
C
ur
c
um
i
n
ha
s
bee
n
s
h
own
to
i
n
c
r
ea
s
e
BDNF
l
e
v
e
ls
,
w
hich
c
oul
d
be be
n
eficia
l
i
n
de
l
a
y
i
n
g
or
e
v
e
n
r
e
v
e
rs
i
n
g
b
r
ai
n
di
s
ea
s
e
s
a
n
d
age
-
r
e
l
a
t
ed dec
r
ea
s
e
s
i
n
b
r
ai
n
f
un
c
t
i
on
.
4.
R
ed
u
ce
s
B
r
ai
n
C
e
ll
D
a
m
age
:
C
ur
c
um
i
n
ca
n
i
n
hibi
t
t
he
ac
t
i
v
a
t
i
on
o
f
m
ic
ro
g
l
ia
,
t
he
pr
i
m
a
ry
i
mmun
e
ce
lls
i
n
t
he
b
r
ai
n
.
O
v
e
r
ac
t
i
v
e
m
ic
ro
g
l
ia
ca
n
c
ontr
ib
ut
e
to n
e
uron
a
l
da
m
age
.
5.
M
a
y
B
e
n
efi
t
M
oo
d
D
i
sor
de
rs
:
S
om
e
stu
die
s
ha
v
e
su
gge
st
ed
t
ha
t
c
ur
c
um
i
n
c
oul
d
he
lp
a
ll
e
v
ia
t
e
symptoms
o
f
de
pr
e
ss
i
on
a
n
d
a
nx
ie
ty
,
pot
e
nt
ia
lly
d
u
e
to
i
ts
a
nt
i
-
i
n
f
l
a
mm
a
tory
prop
e
rt
ie
s
,
i
ts
abi
l
i
ty
to
b
oost
BDNF
,
a
n
d
i
ts
effec
ts
on n
e
urotr
a
nsm
i
tt
e
r
ba
l
a
n
ce
.
6.
P
romot
e
s
N
e
uro
ge
n
e
s
i
s
:
he
r
e
'
s
e
v
ide
n
ce
su
gge
st
i
n
g
c
ur
c
um
i
n
m
a
y
promot
e
t
he
g
rowt
h
a
n
d
de
v
e
lopm
e
nt
o
f
n
e
ur
a
l
pro
ge
n
i
tor
ce
lls
,
i
n
dica
t
i
n
g
i
t
c
oul
d
he
lp
i
n t
he
pro
ce
ss
o
f
n
e
uro
ge
n
e
s
i
s
(
t
he
f
orm
a
t
i
on
o
f
n
e
w
n
e
urons
).
7.
M
e
t
a
l
C
he
l
a
t
i
on
:
C
ur
c
um
i
n
ha
s
t
he
abi
l
i
ty
to
bi
n
d
hea
vy
m
e
t
a
ls
su
ch
a
s
l
ead
a
n
d cad
m
i
um
,
w
hich
a
r
e
n
e
urotox
ic
,
t
h
us
r
ed
u
ci
n
g
t
hei
r
tox
ici
ty
.
8.
P
rot
ec
t
i
on
A
gai
nst
r
a
um
a
t
ic
B
r
ai
n
I
n
j
ury
:
S
om
e
a
n
i
m
a
l
stu
die
s
i
n
dica
t
e
t
ha
t
c
ur
c
um
i
n
m
a
y
ha
v
e
prot
ec
t
i
v
e
effec
ts
agai
nst
tr
a
um
a
t
ic
b
r
ai
n
i
n
j
ury
.
9.
15
B
e
n
efi
ts
o
f
S
uppos
i
tory
C
ur
c
um
i
n
:
NA
RE
S
p
e
n
di
n
g
t
i
m
e
i
n
n
a
tur
e
,
o
f
t
e
n
r
efe
rr
ed
to
a
s
"
n
a
tur
e
t
he
r
a
py
"
or
"
f
or
e
st
ba
t
hi
n
g
"
(
a
t
e
rm
de
r
i
v
ed
f
rom
t
he
J
a
p
a
n
e
s
e
"
s
hi
nr
i
n
-
yo
k
u
"),
ha
s
bee
n
a
sso
cia
t
ed
w
i
t
h
a
r
a
n
ge
o
f be
n
efi
ts
f
or
m
e
nt
a
l
a
n
d
p
h
ys
ica
l
hea
lt
h
.
E
n
ha
n
ced
B
r
ai
n
C
onn
ec
t
i
v
i
ty
:
P
r
e
l
i
m
i
n
a
ry
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
su
gge
sts
t
ha
t
c
ur
c
um
i
n
c
oul
d
e
n
ha
n
ce
t
he
synt
he
s
i
s
o
f
DHA
(
a
n
e
ss
e
nt
ia
l
om
ega
-3
fa
tty
acid
)
f
rom
i
ts pr
ec
ursors
a
n
d
di
r
ec
tly
i
n
c
r
ea
s
e
syn
a
pt
ic
f
un
c
t
i
on
,
t
h
us
promot
i
n
g
b
r
ai
n
c
onn
ec
t
i
v
i
ty
.
10.
E
n
ha
n
ced
B
i
o
a
v
ai
l
abi
l
i
ty
:
O
n
e
o
f
t
he
pr
i
m
a
ry
cha
ll
e
n
ge
s
w
i
t
h
c
ur
c
um
i
n
i
s
i
ts poor
or
a
l
bi
o
a
v
ai
l
abi
l
i
ty
,
m
ai
nly
d
u
e
to
i
ts
r
a
p
id
m
e
t
ab
ol
i
sm
i
n
t
he
l
i
v
e
r
a
n
d
t
he i
nt
e
st
i
n
e
.
S
uppos
i
tor
ie
s
ca
n
b
yp
a
ss
t
he
fi
rst
-
p
a
ss
m
e
t
ab
ol
i
sm
,
pot
e
nt
ia
lly l
eadi
n
g
to
i
n
c
r
ea
s
ed
syst
e
m
ic
a
v
ai
l
abi
l
i
ty
.
1.
a
r
ge
t
ed
L
o
ca
l
E
ffec
ts
:
F
or
c
on
di
t
i
ons
affec
t
i
n
g
t
he
r
ec
t
a
l
or
low
e
r
c
olon
a
r
ea
,
su
ch
a
s
i
n
f
l
a
mm
a
tory
b
ow
e
l
di
s
ea
s
e
s
,
he
morr
h
o
id
s
,
or
r
ec
t
a
l
ca
n
ce
rs
,
c
ur
c
um
i
n suppos
i
tor
ie
s
m
igh
t
prov
ide
t
a
r
ge
t
ed
t
he
r
a
p
e
ut
ic
effec
ts
d
u
e
to
lo
ca
l
i
z
ed
r
e
l
ea
s
e
.
2.
G
a
stro
i
nt
e
st
i
n
a
l
I
ssu
e
s
:
F
or
i
n
di
v
id
u
a
ls
w
h
o
ha
v
e
diffic
ulty
sw
a
llow
i
n
g
p
i
lls
or
ca
psul
e
s
,
or
t
h
os
e
w
i
t
h
ce
rt
ai
n
ga
stro
i
nt
e
st
i
n
a
l
i
ssu
e
s
t
ha
t
m
igh
t
i
nt
e
r
fe
r
e
w
i
t
h
t
he
ab
sorpt
i
on
o
f
or
a
lly
i
n
ge
st
ed
c
ur
c
um
i
n
,
suppos
i
tor
ie
s
c
oul
d
be
a
n
a
lt
e
rn
a
t
i
v
e
.
3.
C
ons
i
st
e
nt
A
b
sorpt
i
on
:
F
ac
tors
l
ike
stom
ach
p
H
a
n
d
t
he
pr
e
s
e
n
ce
o
f
f
oo
d
ca
n
affec
t
t
he
ab
sorpt
i
on
o
f
or
a
lly
t
ake
n
suppl
e
m
e
nts
.
S
uppos
i
tor
ie
s
ca
n
o
ffe
r
a
mor
e
c
ons
i
st
e
nt
de
l
i
v
e
ry
m
e
t
h
o
d
t
ha
t
'
s
l
e
ss
i
n
f
lu
e
n
ced
b
y
t
he
s
e
v
a
r
iab
l
e
s
.
4.
A
vo
ida
n
ce
o
f
G
a
str
ic
I
rr
i
t
a
t
i
on
:
S
om
e
p
e
opl
e
m
igh
t
e
xp
e
r
ie
n
ce
stom
ach
ups
e
t or
di
s
c
om
f
ort
w
he
n
t
aki
n
g
c
ur
c
um
i
n
or
a
lly
.
s
i
n
g
a
suppos
i
tory
ca
n
he
lp
a
vo
id
t
hi
s
pot
e
nt
ia
l
s
ide
effec
t
.
5.
R
a
p
id
O
ns
e
t
o
f
A
c
t
i
on
:
S
uppos
i
tor
ie
s
o
f
t
e
n
l
ead
to
fa
st
e
r
ab
sorpt
i
on
i
nto
t
he
syst
e
m
ic
ci
r
c
ul
a
t
i
on
c
omp
a
r
ed
to
or
a
l
ad
m
i
n
i
str
a
t
i
on
,
w
hich
ca
n
be
be
n
eficia
l
i
n s
i
tu
a
t
i
ons
w
he
r
e
a
qu
icke
r
t
he
r
a
p
e
ut
ic
effec
t
i
s
de
s
i
r
ed
.
6.
S
tr
e
ss
R
ed
u
c
t
i
on
:
N
a
tur
e
low
e
rs
c
ort
i
sol
l
e
v
e
ls
,
promot
i
n
g
r
e
l
a
x
a
t
i
on
.
1.
B
oost
ed
C
o
g
n
i
t
i
on
:
N
a
tur
a
l
s
e
tt
i
n
g
s
e
n
ha
n
ce
a
tt
e
nt
i
on
,
pro
b
l
e
m
-
solv
i
n
g
,
a
n
d
m
e
mory
.
2.
16
LEARNING
C
onst
a
nt
l
ea
rn
i
n
g
i
s
KE
!
M
oo
d
E
n
ha
n
ce
m
e
nt
:
E
xposur
e
to
n
a
tur
e
ca
n
r
ed
u
ce
symptoms
o
f
de
pr
e
ss
i
on
a
n
d
a
nx
ie
ty
.
3.
I
mprov
ed
C
on
ce
ntr
a
t
i
on
:
E
sp
ecia
lly
be
n
eficia
l
f
or
ADHD
,
n
a
tur
e
he
lps
f
o
c
us t
he
m
i
n
d
.
4.
C
r
ea
t
i
v
i
ty
S
t
i
mulus
:
N
a
tur
a
l
e
nv
i
ronm
e
nts
f
ost
e
r
r
ef
l
ec
t
i
on
a
n
d
i
nnov
a
t
i
v
e
t
hi
n
ki
n
g
.
5.
S
o
cia
l
B
e
n
efi
ts
:
A
c
t
i
v
i
t
ie
s
i
n
n
a
tur
e
e
n
ha
n
ce
g
roup
c
o
he
s
i
on
a
n
d
c
oll
ab
or
a
t
i
on
.
6.
M
e
nt
a
l
R
ef
r
e
s
h
:
N
a
tur
e
a
ll
e
v
ia
t
e
s
m
e
nt
a
l
fa
t
ig
u
e
a
n
d
prov
ide
s
r
ej
uv
e
n
a
t
i
on
.
7.
N
e
urolo
gica
l
P
rot
ec
t
i
on
:
P
ot
e
nt
ia
l
prot
ec
t
i
on
agai
nst
ce
rt
ai
n
n
e
urolo
gica
l
di
sor
de
rs
.
8.
P
romot
e
s
M
i
n
df
uln
e
ss
:
N
a
tur
e
a
n
ch
ors
i
n
di
v
id
u
a
ls
to
t
he
pr
e
s
e
nt
mom
e
nt
.
9.
L
e
ss
R
um
i
n
a
t
i
on
:
N
a
tur
e
r
ed
u
ce
s
r
e
p
e
t
i
t
i
v
e
n
ega
t
i
v
e
t
hi
n
ki
n
g
.
10.
N
e
uropl
a
st
ici
ty
E
n
ha
n
ce
m
e
nt
:
D
i
v
e
rs
e
st
i
mul
i
i
n
n
a
tur
e
promot
e
b
r
ai
n
ada
pt
abi
l
i
ty
.
11.
B
e
tt
e
r
S
l
ee
p
:
O
ut
d
oor
n
a
tur
a
l
l
igh
t
he
lps
r
eg
ul
a
t
e
ci
r
cadia
n
r
h
yt
h
m
,
i
mprov
i
n
g
sl
ee
p
qu
a
l
i
ty
.
12.
N
e
uropl
a
st
ici
ty
:
he
b
r
ai
n
'
s
abi
l
i
ty
to
r
e
or
ga
n
i
z
e
i
ts
e
l
f
b
y
f
orm
i
n
g
n
e
w
n
e
ur
a
l
c
onn
ec
t
i
ons
i
s
t
e
rm
ed
n
e
uropl
a
st
ici
ty
.
E
n
gagi
n
g
i
n
c
ont
i
nuous
l
ea
rn
i
n
g
ac
t
i
v
i
t
ie
s str
e
n
g
t
he
ns
e
x
i
st
i
n
g
n
e
ur
a
l
p
a
t
h
w
a
ys
a
n
d
c
r
ea
t
e
s
n
e
w
on
e
s
,
m
aki
n
g
t
he
b
r
ai
n mor
e
r
e
s
i
l
ie
nt
.
1.
C
o
g
n
i
t
i
v
e
R
e
s
e
rv
e
:
C
ont
i
nuous
l
ea
rn
i
n
g
ca
n
he
lp
b
u
i
l
d
a
c
o
g
n
i
t
i
v
e
r
e
s
e
rv
e
a
"
b
u
ffe
r
"
o
f
e
n
ha
n
ced
f
un
c
t
i
on
a
l
i
ty
i
n
t
he
b
r
ai
n
.
hi
s
r
e
s
e
rv
e
ca
n
he
lp
de
l
a
y
t
he
ons
e
t
o
f
symptoms
r
e
l
a
t
ed
to
n
e
uro
dege
n
e
r
a
t
i
v
e
di
s
ea
s
e
s
.
2.
I
n
c
r
ea
s
ed
B
r
ai
n
olum
e
:
L
ea
rn
i
n
g
st
i
mul
a
t
e
s
b
r
ai
n
r
egi
ons
r
e
spons
ib
l
e
f
or m
e
mory
a
n
d
r
ea
son
i
n
g
,
pot
e
nt
ia
lly
i
n
c
r
ea
s
i
n
g
t
hei
r
volum
e
.
R
e
s
ea
r
ch
ha
s
s
h
own t
ha
t
e
n
gagi
n
g
i
n
c
o
g
n
i
t
i
v
e
ly
st
i
mul
a
t
i
n
g
ac
t
i
v
i
t
ie
s
ca
n
i
n
c
r
ea
s
e
hi
ppo
ca
mp
a
l volum
e
,
our
b
r
ai
n
r
egi
on
t
ha
t
i
s
i
n
c
r
edib
ly
v
i
t
a
l
f
or
m
e
mory
a
n
d
o
f
t
e
n
affec
t
ed
i
n
A
lz
hei
m
e
r
'
s
di
s
ea
s
e
.
3.
R
ed
u
ced
R
i
s
k
o
f
D
e
m
e
nt
ia
:
S
e
v
e
r
a
l
stu
die
s
su
gge
st
t
ha
t
i
n
di
v
id
u
a
ls
w
h
o
c
ont
i
nuously
e
n
gage
t
hei
r
b
r
ai
ns
t
h
rou
gh
out
l
ife
s
i
mply
ha
v
e
a
low
e
r
r
i
s
k
o
f de
v
e
lop
i
n
g
A
lz
hei
m
e
r
'
s
di
s
ea
s
e
a
n
d
ot
he
r
f
orms
o
f
de
m
e
nt
ia
.
4.
17
NICO
INE
B
r
ai
n
S
t
i
mul
a
t
i
on
:
R
eg
ul
a
r
l
ea
rn
i
n
g
cha
ll
e
n
ge
s
a
n
d
st
i
mul
a
t
e
s
t
he
b
r
ai
n
,
kee
p
i
n
g
i
t
ac
t
i
v
e
.
J
ust
a
s
r
eg
ul
a
r
p
h
ys
ica
l
ac
t
i
v
i
ty
i
s
n
ece
ss
a
ry
f
or
b
o
d
y
hea
lt
h
,
c
o
g
n
i
t
i
v
e
e
x
e
r
ci
s
e
s
t
h
rou
gh
l
ea
rn
i
n
g
kee
p
t
he
b
r
ai
n
fi
t
.
5.
E
n
ha
n
ced
S
yn
a
pt
ic
D
e
ns
i
ty
:
C
ont
i
nuous
l
ea
rn
i
n
g
ca
n
i
n
c
r
ea
s
e
t
he
de
ns
i
ty
o
f
syn
a
ps
e
s
t
he
j
un
c
t
i
ons
be
tw
ee
n
n
e
urons
w
he
r
e
c
ommun
ica
t
i
on
o
cc
urs
.
A
highe
r
syn
a
pt
ic
de
ns
i
ty
a
llows
f
or
mor
e
ro
b
ust
n
e
uron
a
l
c
ommun
ica
t
i
on
.
6.
R
ed
u
c
t
i
on
o
f
B
r
ai
n
A
trop
h
y
:
A
n
ac
t
i
v
e
a
n
d
e
n
gaged
b
r
ai
n
ca
n
he
lp
r
ed
u
ce
age
-
r
e
l
a
t
ed
a
trop
h
y
(
s
h
r
i
n
kage
)
o
f
ce
rt
ai
n
b
r
ai
n
r
egi
ons
.
7.
I
mprov
ed
M
e
nt
a
l
A
gi
l
i
ty
:
C
onst
a
nt
l
ea
rn
i
n
g
kee
ps
t
he
m
i
n
d
s
ha
rp
a
n
d
promot
e
s
fa
st
e
r
t
hi
n
ki
n
g
,
pro
b
l
e
m
-
solv
i
n
g
,
a
n
d
deci
s
i
on
-
m
aki
n
g
.
8.
M
oo
d
R
eg
ul
a
t
i
on
:
E
n
gagi
n
g
i
n
l
ea
rn
i
n
g
ac
t
i
v
i
t
ie
s
ca
n
r
e
l
ea
s
e
n
e
urotr
a
nsm
i
tt
e
rs l
ike
d
op
a
m
i
n
e
,
w
hich
ca
n
e
n
ha
n
ce
moo
d
a
n
d
o
ffe
r
a
s
e
ns
e
o
f
acc
ompl
i
s
h
m
e
nt
.
9.
S
o
cia
l
E
n
gage
m
e
nt
:
L
ea
rn
i
n
g
i
n
g
roup
s
e
tt
i
n
g
s
,
l
ike
c
l
a
ss
e
s
or
wor
k
s
h
ops
,
promot
e
s
so
cia
l
i
nt
e
r
ac
t
i
on
,
w
hich
ha
s
i
ts
own
s
e
t
o
f
b
r
ai
n
hea
lt
h
be
n
efi
ts
.
10.
S
tr
e
ss
R
ed
u
c
t
i
on
:
he
f
o
c
us
r
e
qu
i
r
ed
d
ur
i
n
g
l
ea
rn
i
n
g
ca
n
ac
t
a
s
a
f
orm
o
f
m
i
n
df
uln
e
ss
,
r
ed
u
ci
n
g
str
e
ss
a
n
d
i
ts
n
ega
t
i
v
e
i
mp
ac
ts
on
t
he
b
r
ai
n
.
11.
C
o
g
n
i
t
i
v
e
E
n
ha
n
ce
m
e
nt
:
N
ic
ot
i
n
e
i
s
a
st
i
mul
a
nt
t
ha
t
ha
s
bee
n
f
oun
d
to
e
n
ha
n
ce
c
o
g
n
i
t
i
v
e
f
un
c
t
i
ons
.
I
t
st
i
mul
a
t
e
s
t
he
r
e
l
ea
s
e
o
f
n
e
urotr
a
nsm
i
tt
e
rs
l
ike d
op
a
m
i
n
e
a
n
d
nor
e
p
i
n
e
p
h
r
i
n
e
,
w
hich
ca
n
i
mprov
e
a
l
e
rtn
e
ss
a
n
d
c
on
ce
ntr
a
t
i
on
.
A
stu
d
y
pu
b
l
i
s
hed
i
n
t
he
j
ourn
a
l
"
P
sy
ch
op
ha
rm
ac
olo
g
y
"
f
oun
d
t
ha
t
n
ic
ot
i
n
e c
oul
d
e
n
ha
n
ce
s
h
ort
-
t
e
rm
m
e
mory
a
n
d
a
tt
e
nt
i
on
sp
a
n
.
1.
N
e
uroprot
ec
t
i
v
e
E
ffec
ts
:
S
om
e
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
su
gge
sts
t
ha
t
n
ic
ot
i
n
e
ha
s n
e
uroprot
ec
t
i
v
e
prop
e
rt
ie
s
w
hich
r
ed
u
ce
t
he
r
i
s
k
o
f
n
e
uro
dege
n
e
r
a
t
i
v
e
di
sor
de
rs l
ike
P
a
r
ki
nson
'
s
di
s
ea
s
e
,
poss
ib
ly
d
u
e
to
i
ts
effec
ts
on
ace
tyl
ch
ol
i
n
e
r
ece
ptors
i
n t
he
b
r
ai
n
.
A
stu
d
y
i
n
t
he
"
J
ourn
a
l
o
f
N
e
uro
che
m
i
stry
"
f
oun
d
t
ha
t
n
ic
ot
i
n
e
c
oul
d
prot
ec
t
n
e
urons
f
rom
da
m
age
ca
us
ed
b
y
tox
i
ns
a
n
d
ox
ida
t
i
v
e
str
e
ss
.
2.
M
oo
d
R
eg
ul
a
t
i
on
:
A
stu
d
y
i
n
t
he
"
J
ourn
a
l
o
f
P
sy
ch
op
ha
rm
ac
olo
g
y
"
f
oun
d
t
ha
t n
ic
ot
i
n
e
c
oul
d
r
ed
u
ce
str
e
ss
-
i
n
d
u
ced
a
nx
ie
ty
i
n
r
a
ts
.
3.
P
ot
e
nt
ia
l
he
r
a
p
e
ut
ic
s
e
s
:
hi
l
e
n
ic
ot
i
n
e
i
s
most
c
ommonly
a
sso
cia
t
ed
w
i
t
h
to
bacc
o
pro
d
u
c
ts
a
n
d
t
hei
r
n
ega
t
i
v
e
hea
lt
h
effec
ts
,
i
t
'
s
a
lso
bei
n
g
stu
died
f
or pot
e
nt
ia
l
t
he
r
a
p
e
ut
ic
us
e
s
.
F
or
e
x
a
mpl
e
,
n
ic
ot
i
n
e
p
a
t
che
s
a
r
e
bei
n
g
e
xplor
ed
a
s
a
tr
ea
tm
e
nt
f
or
a
tt
e
nt
i
on
defici
t
h
yp
e
r
ac
t
i
v
i
ty
di
sor
de
r
(
ADHD
)
a
n
d
A
lz
hei
m
e
r
'
s
di
s
ea
s
e
.
4.
18
N
ic
ot
i
n
e
i
s
sup
e
r
addic
t
i
v
e
w
i
t
h
pot
e
nt
ia
lly
s
ig
n
ifica
nt
hea
lt
h
r
i
s
k
s
,
e
sp
ecia
lly
w
he
n
c
onsum
ed
us
i
n
g
to
bacc
o
pro
d
u
c
ts
.
he
s
e
r
i
s
k
s
i
n
c
lu
de
hea
rt
di
s
ea
s
e
,
stro
ke
,
a
n
d
v
a
r
i
ous
typ
e
s
o
f
ca
n
ce
r
.
M
SHROOMCOMPLE
C
ha
s
e
'
s
C
h
os
e
n
B
r
a
n
d
:
h
ttps
://
a
.
c
o
/
d
/3
myq
M
t
L
M
ai
t
ake
:
M
ai
t
ake
ha
s
bee
n
s
h
own
to
support
i
mmun
e
hea
lt
h
a
n
d
m
a
y
ha
v
e
a
nt
i
-
ca
n
ce
r
prop
e
rt
ie
s
.
A
stu
d
y
i
n
t
he
"
J
ourn
a
l
o
f
C
a
n
ce
r
R
e
s
ea
r
ch
a
n
d
C
l
i
n
ica
l
O
n
c
olo
g
y
"
f
oun
d
t
ha
t
m
ai
t
ake
e
xtr
ac
t
c
oul
d
i
n
hibi
t
t
he
g
rowt
h
o
f
ce
rt
ai
n
typ
e
s
o
f ca
n
ce
r
ce
lls
.
1.
R
ei
s
hi
:
K
nown
a
s
t
he
"
mus
h
room
o
f
i
mmort
a
l
i
ty
,"
r
ei
s
hi
ha
s
bee
n
us
ed
f
or
ce
ntur
ie
s
f
or
i
ts
i
mmun
e
-
b
oost
i
n
g
a
n
d
a
nt
i
-
i
n
f
l
a
mm
a
tory
prop
e
rt
ie
s
.
S
om
e
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
,
su
ch
a
s
a
stu
d
y
pu
b
l
i
s
hed
i
n
t
he
"
I
nt
e
rn
a
t
i
on
a
l
J
ourn
a
l
o
f
M
ol
ec
ul
a
r
M
edici
n
e
,"
su
gge
sts
i
t
m
a
y
a
lso
ha
v
e
n
e
uroprot
ec
t
i
v
e
effec
ts
,
pot
e
nt
ia
lly
be
n
eficia
l
f
or
n
e
uro
dege
n
e
r
a
t
i
v
e
di
s
ea
s
e
s
.
2.
S
hii
t
ake
:
S
hii
t
ake
mus
h
rooms
a
r
e
r
ich
i
n
a
nt
i
ox
ida
nts
a
n
d
B
v
i
t
a
m
i
ns
,
w
hich
ca
n support
ov
e
r
a
ll
hea
lt
h
.
he
y
a
lso
c
ont
ai
n
a
c
ompoun
d
ca
ll
ed
e
r
i
t
ade
n
i
n
e
,
w
hich
m
a
y
he
lp
low
e
r
ch
ol
e
st
e
rol
l
e
v
e
ls
.
3.
ur
ke
y
ai
l
:
ur
ke
y
t
ai
l
i
s
k
nown
f
or
i
ts
pot
e
nt
i
mmun
e
-
b
oost
i
n
g
prop
e
rt
ie
s
.
I
t
c
ont
ai
ns
polys
accha
r
ide
-
K
(
PSK
),
a
c
ompoun
d
t
ha
t
ha
s
bee
n
us
ed
i
n
J
a
p
a
n
f
or
decade
s
a
s
a
n
adj
un
c
t
tr
ea
tm
e
nt
f
or
ca
n
ce
r
.
4.
L
i
on
s
M
a
n
e
:
hi
s
mus
h
room
st
a
n
d
s
out
f
or
i
ts
pot
e
nt
ia
l
n
e
uroprot
ec
t
i
v
e be
n
efi
ts
.
R
e
s
ea
r
ch
,
i
n
c
lu
di
n
g
a
stu
d
y
i
n
t
he
"
I
nt
e
rn
a
t
i
on
a
l
J
ourn
a
l
o
f
M
edici
n
a
l
M
us
h
rooms
,"
su
gge
sts
t
ha
t
l
i
on
'
s
m
a
n
e
ca
n
st
i
mul
a
t
e
t
he
pro
d
u
c
t
i
on
o
f
n
e
rv
e g
rowt
h
fac
tor
,
w
hich
c
oul
d
be
be
n
eficia
l
f
or
n
e
uro
dege
n
e
r
a
t
i
v
e
di
s
ea
s
e
s
l
ike
A
lz
hei
m
e
r
'
s
a
n
d
P
a
r
ki
nson
'
s
.
5.
C
or
d
y
ce
ps
:
C
or
d
y
ce
ps
i
s
k
nown
f
or
i
ts
e
n
e
r
g
y
-
b
oost
i
n
g
a
n
d
a
nt
i
-
agi
n
g
prop
e
rt
ie
s
.
S
om
e
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
a
lso
su
gge
sts
i
t
m
a
y
ha
v
e
n
e
uroprot
ec
t
i
v
e
effec
ts
.
6.
C
haga
:
C
haga
i
s
p
acked
w
i
t
h
a
nt
i
ox
ida
nts
a
n
d
ca
n
support
i
mmun
e
hea
lt
h
.
I
t
a
lso
ha
s
a
nt
i
-
i
n
f
l
a
mm
a
tory
prop
e
rt
ie
s
,
w
hich
c
oul
d
be
be
n
eficia
l
f
or
v
a
r
i
ous
hea
lt
h
c
on
di
t
i
ons
.
7.
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19
INCLOSING
N
a
v
iga
t
i
n
g
t
he
c
ompl
e
x
i
t
ie
s
o
f
c
on
di
t
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ons
l
ike
M
e
s
ia
l
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mpor
a
l
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c
l
e
ros
i
s
a
n
d
e
mpor
a
l
L
o
be
E
p
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l
e
psy
ca
n
be
da
unt
i
n
g
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H
ow
e
v
e
r
,
i
nnov
a
t
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ons
l
ike
t
he
H
u
ghe
s
P
roto
c
ol
,
st
ee
p
ed
i
n
b
ot
h
s
cie
nt
ific
r
ig
or
a
n
d
p
e
rson
a
l
t
e
st
a
m
e
nt
,
o
ffe
r
prom
i
s
i
n
g
p
a
t
h
w
a
ys
.
he
v
a
r
i
ous
c
ompon
e
nts
o
f
t
he
proto
c
ol
,
r
a
n
gi
n
g
f
rom
die
t
a
ry
r
ec
omm
e
n
da
t
i
ons
to
t
he i
n
c
orpor
a
t
i
on
o
f
sp
ecific
suppl
e
m
e
nts
a
n
d
pr
ac
t
ice
s
,
un
de
rs
c
or
e
a
h
ol
i
st
ic
a
ppro
ach
tow
a
r
d
s
i
mprov
i
n
g
n
e
urolo
gica
l
a
n
d
c
o
g
n
i
t
i
v
e
hea
lt
h
.
E
ach
c
ompon
e
nt
,
be
i
t
t
he ca
lm
i
n
g
e
m
b
r
ace
o
f
n
a
tur
e
or
t
he
n
e
uroprot
ec
t
i
v
e
prop
e
rt
ie
s
o
f
c
ur
c
um
i
n
,
ha
s
i
ts
di
st
i
n
c
t
rol
e
,
pot
e
nt
ia
lly
c
r
ea
t
i
n
g
a
ha
rmon
i
ous
b
l
e
n
d
f
or
be
tt
e
r
b
r
ai
n
hea
lt
h
.
I
t
'
s
c
ru
cia
l
to
not
e
t
ha
t
w
hi
l
e
t
he
s
e
r
ec
omm
e
n
da
t
i
ons
c
om
e
f
rom
a
pl
ace
o
f
r
e
s
ea
r
ch a
n
d
p
e
rson
a
l
su
cce
ss
,
e
v
e
ry
i
n
di
v
id
u
a
l
'
s
j
ourn
e
y
a
n
d
b
o
di
ly
r
e
spons
e
ca
n
diffe
r
.
J
ust
a
s
a
m
edica
t
i
on
m
igh
t
wor
k
won
de
rs
f
or
on
e
a
n
d
not
f
or
a
not
he
r
,
so
too
ca
n
n
a
tur
a
l
a
n
d
a
lt
e
rn
a
t
i
v
e
a
ppro
ache
s
.
R
e
m
e
m
be
r
t
ha
t
p
e
rson
a
l
hea
lt
h
deci
s
i
ons
,
e
sp
ecia
lly
o
f
t
hi
s
m
ag
n
i
tu
de
,
de
s
e
rv
e
a
w
e
ll
-
i
n
f
orm
ed
p
e
rsp
ec
t
i
v
e
.
B
ef
or
e
i
mpl
e
m
e
nt
i
n
g
or
e
xp
e
r
i
m
e
nt
i
n
g
w
i
t
h
a
ny
c
ompon
e
nts
o
f
t
hi
s
proto
c
ol
,
pl
ea
s
e
c
onsult
w
i
t
h
a
l
ice
ns
ed
p
h
ys
icia
n
to
e
nsur
e
s
afe
ty
,
a
ppropr
ia
t
e
n
e
ss
,
a
n
d effec
t
i
v
e
n
e
ss
f
or
your
un
i
qu
e
hea
lt
h
s
i
tu
a
t
i
on
.
