For the Summer Games, the first athlete representing Colombia competed at the Games of the X Olympiad Los Angeles 1932, taking part in the sport of athletics. At the Games of the XX Olympiad Munich 1972, Helmut Bellingrodt became the first athlete representing Colombia to win an Olympic medal of any colour, capturing silver in the mixed shooting running target 50m event. At the Games of the XXVII Olympiad Sydney 2000, María Isabel Urrutia became the first athlete representing Colombia to win an Olympic gold medal, competing in the women’s weightlifting heavyweight event. For the Winter Games, the first athlete representing Colombia competed at the XXI Olympic Winter Games Vancouver 2010, taking part in the discipline of alpine skiing. No athlete representing Colombia has yet won an Olympic Winter Games medal of any colour.

At Beijing 2022, Colombia was represented by one female and two male athletes. Cross-country skier Carlos Andres Quintana finished 88th in the men's sprint freestyle and 95th in the men's 15km classic, while speed skater Laura Gomez finished 22nd in the women's mass start event. Quintana and Gomez were competing at their second Games, having both debuted at PyeongChang 2018. Also in Beijing, Alpine skier Michael Poettoz finished 31st in the men's giant slalom on his Games debut, and did not finish the slalom event.

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