Reconstruction:Proto-Hmong-Mien/qluwˣ

This Proto-Hmong-Mien entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Cognate with Chinese 狗 (OC *koːʔ). Possibly related to Proto-Austronesian *(u-)(ŋ)kuɣkuɣ (“dog”). Old Chinese borrowed 狗 from a language that was ancestral to Hmong-Mien (Norman, 1988; Benedict, 1996).

*qluwˣ

1. dog

Ostapirat (2016)^[1] reconstructs *kl- as the initial.

• Proto-Hmongic: *qlæᴮ
  • West Hmongic (Chuanqiandian)
    • Hmong
      • RPA: dev
      • Dananshan: dled
    • Bu-Nao Bunu: dleed
  • Hmuic
    • Hmu
      • Northern: dlad

• Proto-Mienic:
  • Iu Mien: juv

• →? Chinese: 狗 (OC *koːʔ)

• Ratliff, Martha (2010), Hmong-Mien language history (Studies in Language Change; 8), Canberra, Australia: Pacific Linguistics, →ISBN, page 104.