The first smartphone to officially support capturing 2160p video footage(resolution: 3840×2160 pixels) is the Acer Liquid S2, which was released in the August of 2013.
That one however was just capable of capturing 24 frames per second, while the Samsung Galaxy Note 3, released less than one month later, pioneered recording 2160p videos at full 30 frames per second, which was also achieved by the Galaxy S4 GT-i9506, which was equipped with the same Snapdragon 800 instead of S600 on i9505 and i9515, using hacks from the XDA forums.
However, the Galaxy Note 3 is not equipped with 2160p video capturing capabilities in all countries. Iran, for example, is excluded. They had to wait for the Galaxy S5, early 2014.

The late-2017 iPhone series 8, 8+ and X finally managed to combine smoothness framerate with resolution: 2160p@60fps. Apple has always been ahead in terms of framerate, and the way they encoded high framerate videos: with audio and with real-time equivalent framerates, which makes the video footage far more versatile and suitable for video editing, and also useable for high framerate monitors. Also 1080p@240fps is highly impressive. The most Apple users probably have no clue about the bare meaning of these numbers.

There was also a spin-off camcorder, which recorded at 256:135 DCi-4K (24fps).
It was the OnePlus One with a video resolution of 4096×2160p:
- http://blog.gsmarena.com/oneplus-one-first-smartphone-record-dci-4k-check-action/
But you may not miss these additional 128 pixels on each horizontal side:
- http://www.phonearena.com/news/The-OnePlus-One-has-one-feature-that-no-other-phone-does-but-heres-why-you-shouldnt-really-care_id71099

However, these phone cameras were not optically stabilized.
This weakness rendered them useless as competition against real video cameras.
Optical image stabilisation (OIS) is a vital feature to any camera, so the first useable 2160p camcorder smartphone I can think of was the Samsung Galaxy Note 4, September 2014. Not even the Panasonic Lumix DMC-FZ1000 did optically stabilize 2160p video recordings.

Of course, devices such as the Sony Xperia Z2 or iPhone 6s had digital image stabilisation (they call it SteadyShot and Cinematic Stabilisation), but that drains battery a lot, and does only compensate for shake movement, not shaking blur, which renders it effectively useless at relatively long exposure times such as 1/30 second fraction. A minor shake during this fraction of a second does ruin the image or video frame. And image processing is restricted during video capture. Capturing and combining multiple frames would result even shorter exposure times. In fact, depending on the camera and how steadily it is being held, an OIS may extend the longest possible exposure time without shake may quintruple.
It is embarassing, how the lastest OnePlus phone still lacks OIS.
And prior to the Google Pixel 2, Google must not have claimed to have a good phone camera, because due to the missing OIS on the Google Pixel 1, it is by definition not a good phone camera, despite excellent image sensor and 1080p@120fps video capture according to GSMArena.

Additionally, tiny shakes will look much worse when zooming into 2160p footage during playback to see details more accurately. One would need to pause the playback in the video player, to see a steady frame, or slow down alternatively.

A better solution than draining the battery with digital image stabilisation would have been saving all sensor data into the metadata part of the video container for allowing post-editing and improved post-stabilization, if desired by the end user and supported by the used video editor.

But 2160p video capture in 2013 and 2014 was highly impressive and prideful.

In 1999, Kyocera VP-210 that was released for PHP services DDI Pocket network. Its camera had somewhere similar resolutions to modern day CIF resolutions, and it could do photo, and also video call with other VP-210 on the same PHP network.

Source: ITMedia

This was initially developed as video phone, but

But video transmission rate were around 2fps under ideal conditions, so… it was more of novelty feature than anything practical. It also only had memory for 20 photo or so… there were limit.

It still camera’s resolution of around 11k pixel capture was pretty limited. And because it did not have rear camera, it was commercially duds. I remember 1 friend sent me her selfie photo from phone she got, but do not remember other had this phone. Commercially this phone had very limited number of users.

But by the next year, SHARP J-SH04 became commercial hit.

Source: ITMedia

This is first phone with rear facing camera and it became massive hit. I had number of friend sent me photo they took with this camera, photo from Izakaya bar, club etc. and other place. … too bad I had misplaced email from those period.

This camera is probably considered first commercially successful phone with camera.

I will keep this short and to the point.

Multiple camera smartphone was first introduced in 2011, by HTC - back in the days of Android Gingerbread.

It is the HTC Evo 3D.
The Evo 3D uses two rear-facing 5-megapixel cameras, capable of capturing videos in 720p resolution in 3D or in 1080p while recording standard 2D. It can also take photos in stereographic 3D at 5 MPx2 resolution. It features a single 1.3-megapixel front-facing camera.

For Reference: HTC Evo 3D

There’s only a need for professional gear if you intend to get professional results that somebody wants to pay you for. If all you want are snapshots and video to share on-line, the phone is fine, it’s there in your pocket, and there’s no need for a separate camera.

For images that will be seen on a phone or in a browser almost any smartphone camera has the AI to make the snapshot or video the best it can be. But, if they’re ‘blown up’ large to fill a big HD screen or an 11X17 print they’ll become pixelated and their lack of detail and texture will make a disappointing image.

If you low up the image from a professional camera with full-sized optics that focus, a real adjustable aperture to control depth of focus, and a big sensor it reveals the details and texture lost in a small image.

There’s no way the itty-bitty optics and sensor in a smartphone can capture all the rich details and texture that full-sized optics in a professional camera can.

There's a strong argument that the first real camera phone was produced by Sharp and released in Japan by J-Phone (now SoftBank Mobile) in November of 2000. The J-SH04 could take photos, like the one on the right (from Japanese site Showcase) at 110,000-pixel resolution or 0.11-megapixels.

Phones these days phone are coming with more and more cameras and Currently, Quad camera is in the trend. But there is a phone which has more than four cameras.

A smartphone company named Light has introduced a phone with 16 cameras on the back which gives DSLR like performance.

Well, in the last year almost every Android manufacturer has joined the megapixel party. Samsung’s S20 series, Xiaomi M10 phones boasts 108MP sensors while Realme too is rumored to launch a 108MP camera phone soon. It’s very likely that one of these three players could be the first to launch a 192MP camera phone.

The megapixel war seems far from over. We’d really thought the 108MP sensors would suffice, at least for a while, but fresh reports peg that a phone with massive 192MP primary sensor is under works.

This bit of information comes from Chinese leakster Digital Chat Station who posted on Weibo that an SM7250 SoC based 192MP smartphone will launch soon, and he will reveal more information next month.

It is worth pointing out that SM7250 is basically Qualcomm Snapdragon 765 chipset which does officially include Spectra 355 ISP. As per Qualcomm's official microsite, the Snapdragon 765 is capable of processing 192MP large images. Though, at that size, HDR and multi-frame processing might not be possible for the ISP.

Digital Camera

In 1991, the Nikon F3, a 1.3mp digital camera came on the market. It was designed for the photojournalist who did not require high resolution photos to be placed in low resolution newspapers and television broadcasts.

It was available for purchase by the average consumer but was not expected to be used by those requiring high quality such as fashion, portrait or landscape photographers or anyone making prints at 6×4 inches or bigger.

Kodak (with Apple), came out with a relatively inexpensive digital camera (QT-100 or Quick Take 100) for consumers to take snapshots with in 1994. Several other brands also came out the following year.

CamCorder

Technically, the first CamCorder, combining a camera with a recorder, was the Sony BetaCam in 1982 but the data was YUV analog. The first digital recorder, the Sony DVR-1000 with 4:2:2 digital uncompressed video was produced in 1986 (but it was only a recorder, requiring a separate camera) and costed about US$150,000. It was designed for TV studios and first live use was the 1986 Summer Olympics.

The first digital camcorder was the Sony Digital BetaCam released in 1993 and used in the 1994 Winter Olympic games.

First consumer digital camcorder? Not sure.

It is called Light l16.

I can’t pinpoint the date exactly but I remember seeing the first phones with color display and the ability to take photos in Europe at the end of 2002. I had one myself in 2003 and the pictures looked something like this:

(Taken from the Wikipedia Page of Nokia 7650)

You can refer to the Wikipedia article: History of the camera

If you want to consider "analog" electronic cameras, then according to Wikipedia, the first analog electronic camera marketed to consumers may have been the Casio VS-101 in 1987.

Regarding true digital cameras, this is the excerpt from Wikipedia:

The first digital camera of any kind ever sold commercially was possibly the MegaVision Tessera in 1987 though there is not extensive documentation of its sale known. The first portable digital camera that was actually marketed commercially was sold in December 1989 in Japan, the DS-X by Fuji The first commercially available portable digital camera in the United States was the Dycam Model 1, first shipped in November 1990. It was originally a commercial failure because it was black and white, low in resolution, and cost nearly $1,000 (about $2000 in 2014). It later saw modest success when it was re-sold as the Logitech Fotoman in 1992. It used a CCD image sensor, stored pictures digitally, and connected directly to a computer for download.

Motorala Edge Plus - 100mp -rs. 75,000.

Motorola one fusion + -64mp

Motorola one vision - 42mp

Sony Xperia 1 ii - has a 12mp triple lens camera with Zeiss optics .has the same technology that's found in Professional alpha 9 series cameras like ,Raw support3 ,eye autofocus. And the same control options found on a alpha steps camera .And a hardware camera shutter button. You can record 4K HDR 21:9 movie ,with the options like cinema controls .and view it on the 4K HDR Oled 6.5inch display . Sony is not releasing their phones in India nowadays though .

motorola one vision is rs. 15,000, has a 21:9 ratio cinema wide display .so it's a long phone and less wider. And I've seen the camera samples of it on amazon reviews and the camera is awesome.

Sony's Mavica line was an early floppy-disk based digital camera system.
The digital Mavicas (starting in 1997, though there were analog Mavicas that used floppy storage starting around 1990) were usually 0.3 megapixels (640x480) and were popular in schools because you could transfer the images through a PC's floppy drive.
Sony Mavica

Apple's Quicktake 100 (and later the 150 and 200) was another SmartMedia card flash based groundbreaker in 1994 with similar 640x480 resolution, but no preview screen, just an LCD that showed how many shots you had left and the battery state. Time magazine called it the world's "first consumer digital camera."
Apple QuickTake

There were a few other more obscure less consumer-oriented contenders.
The grayscale Logitech Fotoman was offered for sale in 1990,
and the Fuji DS-X in 1989.

Both Olympus and Casio had early consumer models as well in the late 1990s.

Sony probably had the first digital videotape cameras with their mini-DV line of consumer camcorders, most of which used FireWire 400 (Apple) also known as iLink (Sony) to transfer digital video to Macs and PCs. Apple's iMovie on Macs made it easy for the first time to edit digital video for home use, and was included free with many of the original fruit-colored iMacs starting in 1998 (the ones that had FireWire connections). Similar programs appeared shortly for PC use.